Nörodejeneratif hastalıkların tedavisinde, nöronal patogeneze neden olan olayların anlaşılması ve uygun tedavilerin geliştirilmesi temel basamaktır. Nörodejeneratif hastalıkların çoğu mitokondriyal disfonksiyon ile ilişkilidir. İnsanlarda meydana gelen mitokondriyal genlerdeki mutasyonlar, altında yatan genetik nedenler ile doğru korelasyon göstermeyen bir dizi fenotipik sonuçlar meydana getirir. Birçok nörodejeneratif hastalık; lizozomların, endozomların ve otofagozomların işlevini etkileyen mutasyonlara sebep olabilir. Parkinson hastalığında mevcut tedaviler, hastalığın başlaması ve ilerlemesi için yetersiz kalmaktadır, bu sebeple hastalığın patogenezinin aydınlatılması gerekmektedir. Bu olayların aydınlatılması, bilim insanları için hâlâ zorluk teşkil etmektedir. Bu amaçla kullanılan deney hayvanları, yapılan araştırmalarda dünya çapında standart modeller sağlar. Alternatif yöntemlerin kullanımı ve hayvan sayısının azaltılması ile yeni tekniklerin geliştirilmesi gerekir. Alternatif yöntemlerin bilim dünyasına entegrasyonu ile in vivo yöntemlere olan gereksinim azalır. Dictyostelium discoideum hücre yapısı, sinyalleşme mekanizmaları, hücresel davranışları memeli hücreleri ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Genetik manipülasyona uygun dizilenmiş haploid kromozom yapısında, tek hücreli ve çok hücreli aşamaların olduğu kısa yaşam döngüsü ve fenotipik zenginliği sayesinde insanlardaki hastalıkların hücresel süreçlerini ortaya çıkarmak için basit bir modeldir. Tıp alanında yapılan D. discoideum ile ilgili çalışmaları; bakteriyel enfeksiyon, immün hücre kemotaksisi, otofajik hücre ölümü, mitokondriyal ve nörolojik bozukluklar alanlarında temel bilgiler sağlamıştır. D. discoideum, sahip olduğu proteom ile hücresel ve gelişimsel biyoloji için yeni bir bakış açısı sağlayabilecek bir model organizmadır. Bu derleme, nörodejeneratif hastalıklardan biri olan Parkinson hastalığının tanı ve tedavisinde D. discoideum modelinin kullanımı hakkında detaylı bilgi vermek için hazırlandı.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dictyostelium discoideum; Parkinson hastalığı; nörodejeneratif hastalıklar; hayvan kullanımı alternatifleri
Comprehension the events that cause neuronal pathogenesis and developing appropriate treatments are the primary steps in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Most neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutations in mitochondrial genes that occur in humans produce a range of phenotypic outcomes that do not correlate correctly with underlying genetic causes. Many neurodegenerative diseases can cause mutations that affect the function of lysosomes, endosomes, and autophagosomes. Current treatments in Parkinson's disease are insufficient for the onset and progression of the disease, so the pathogenesis of the disease needs to be clarified. The explanation of these events still poses a challenge for scientists. The experimental animals used for this purpose provide worldwide standard models for research. It is necessary to develop different techniques by reducing the number of animals with the use of alternative models. With the integration of alternative methods into the scientific world, the need for in vivo methods is reduced. Dictyostelium discoideum cell structure, signaling mechanisms, cellular behavior are similar to mammalian cells. It is a simple model for revealing the cellular processes of diseases in humans, due to its sequenced haploid chromosome structure, suitable for genetic manipulation, its a short life cycle with unicellular and multicellular stages, and its phenotypic richness. Surveys on D. discoideum in the field of medicine; provided basic information in the fields of bacterial infection, immune cell chemotaxis, autophagic cell death, mitochondrial and neurological disorders. D. discoideum is a model organism can provided that a new perspective for cellular and developmental biology with its proteome. This review was presented to provide detailed information about the use of the D. discoideum model in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease, which is one of the neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum; Parkinson's disease; neurodegenerative diseases; animal use alternatives
- Cenini G, Lloret A, Cascella R. Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: from a mitochondrial point of view. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:2105607. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Kovacs GG. Molecular pathology of neurodegenerative diseases: principles and practice. J Clin Pathol. 2019;72(11):725-35. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Carnell MJ, Insall RH. Actin on disease--studying the pathobiology of cell motility using Dictyostelium discoideum. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2011;22(1):82-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chisholm RL, Gaudet P, Just EM, Pilcher KE, Fey P, Merchant SN, et al. dictyBase, the model organism database for Dictyostelium discoideum. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(Database issue):423-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Annesley SJ, Chen S, Francione LM, Sanislav O, Chavan AJ, Farah C, et al. Dictyostelium, a microbial model for brain disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1840(4):1413-32. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Williams RSB, Boeckeler K, Gräf R, Müller-Taubenberger A, Li Z, Isberg RR, et al. Towards a molecular understanding of human diseases using Dictyostelium discoideum. Trends Mol Med. 2006;12(9):415-24. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Annesley SJ, Fisher PR. Dictyostelium discoideum--a model for many reasons. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009;329(1-2):73-91. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chernivec E, Cooper J, Naylor K. Exploring the effect of rotenone-a known inducer of Parkinson's disease-on mitochondrial dynamics in Dictyostelium discoideum. Cells. 2018;7(11):201. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Guaitoli G, Raimondi F, Gilsbach BK, Gómez-Llorente Y, Deyaert E, Renzi F, et al. Structural model of the dimeric Parkinson's protein LRRK2 reveals a compact architecture involving distant interdomain contacts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(30):E4357-66. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- von Campenhausen S, Bornschein B, Wick R, Bötzel K, Sampaio C, Poewe W, et al. Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;15(4):473-90. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lanciego JL, Luquin N, Obeso JA. Functional neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2(12):a009621. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Neumann M, Müller V, Kretzschmar HA, Haass C, Kahle PJ. Regional distribution of proteinase K-resistant alpha-synuclein correlates with Lewy body disease stage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004;63(12):1225-35. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ganguly G, Chakrabarti S, Chatterjee U, Saso L. Proteinopathy, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction: cross talk in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:797-810. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Golpich M, Amini E, Mohamed Z, Azman Ali R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenesis and treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2017;23(1):5-22. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Acu-a-Castroviejo D, Martín M, Macías M, Escames G, León J, Khaldy H, et al. Melatonin, mitochondria, and cellular bioenergetics. J Pineal Res. 2001;30(2):65-74. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bose A, Beal MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem. 2016;139 Suppl 1:216-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Urrutia PJ, Mena NP, Nú-ez MT. The interplay between iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation during the execution step of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:38. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Morató L, Bertini E, Verrigni D, Ardissone A, Ruiz M, Ferrer I, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in central nervous system white matter disorders. Glia. 2014;62(11):1878-94. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hall CN, Klein-Flügge MC, Howarth C, Attwell D. Oxidative phosphorylation, not glycolysis, powers presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms underlying brain information processing. J Neurosci. 2012;32(26):8940-51. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Paisán-Ruı́z C, Jain S, Evans EW, Gilks WP, Simón J, van der Brug M, et al. Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson's disease. Neuron. 2004;44(4):595-600. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Zimprich A, Biskup S, Leitner P, Lichtner P, Farrer M, Lincoln S, et al. Mutations in LRRK2 Cause autosomal-dominant Parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology. Neuron. 2004;44(4):601-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Creed RB, Goldberg MS. Analysis of α-synuclein pathology in PINK1 knockout rat brains. Front Neurosci. 2019;12:1034. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Eichinger L, Pachebat JA, Glöckner G, Rajandream M, Sucgang R, Berriman M, et al. The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature. 2005;435(7038):43-57. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Konijn TM, Van De Meene JG, Bonner JT, Barkley DS. The acrasin activity of adenosine- 3',5'-cyclic phosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967;58(3):1152-4. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Francione LM, Annesley SJ, Carilla-Latorre S, Escalante R, Fisher PR. The Dictyostelium model for mitochondrial disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2011;22(1):120-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- McDonald SA, Durston AJ. The cell cycle and sorting behaviour in Dictyostelium discoideum. J Cell Sci. 1984;66:195-204. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mir HA, Rajawat J, Pradhan S, Begum R. Signaling molecules involved in the transition of growth to development of, dictyostelium discoideum. Indian J Exp Biol. 2007;45(3):223-36. [PubMed]
- Mehdy MC, Firtel RA. A secreted factor and cyclic AMP jointly regulate cell-type-specific gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol Cell Biol. 1985;5(4):705-13. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Souza GM, Lu S, Kuspa A. YakA, a protein kinase required for the transition from growth to development in Dictyostelium. Development. 1998;125(12):2291-302. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Solomon JM, Isberg RR. Growth of legionella pneumophila in Dictyostelium discoideum: a novel system for genetic analysis of host-pathogen interactions. Trends Microbiol. 2000;8(10):478-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chida J, Yamaguchi H, Amagai A, Maeda Y. The necessity of mitochondrial genome DNA for normal development of Dictyostelium cells. J Cell Sci. 2004;117(Pt 15):3141-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Sauvanet C, Duvezin-Caubet S, di Rago JP, Rojo M. Energetic requirements and bioenergetic modulation of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2010;21(6):558-65. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Laskowski M, Kicinska A, Szewczyk A, Jarmuszkiewicz W. Mitochondrial large-conductance potassium channel from Dictyostelium discoideum. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2015;60:167-75. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Barth C, Le P, Fisher PR. Mitochondrial biology and disease in Dictyostelium. Int Rev Cytol. 2007;263:207-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi