Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, paradoksal insomni hastalarında klinik ve polisomnografik verilerin incelenmesi ile komorbid uyku hastalıklarını araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Uyku bozuklukları birimimize 2019 yılı içinde başvuran ve paradoksal insomni tanısı alan tüm hastalar, çalışmaya prospektif olarak dâhil edildi. Klinik ve polisomnografik bulguların değerlendirilmesi ile komorbid uyku hastalığı olmayanlar Grup 1, komorbid uyku hastalığı saptananlar ise Grup 2 olarak sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular: Paradoksal insomni tanısı ile çalışmaya dâhil edilen 32 hastanın sadece 10'unda (%31,3) eşlik eden uyku bozukluğu yoktu. Yirmi ikisinde (Grup 2, %68,7) komorbid uyku hastalığı mevcuttu ve en sık (%59,4) obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) izlendi. Grup 1 hastalarının %80'i kadın, Grup 2 hastalarının %63,6'sı erkekti (p=0,054). Komorbid psikiyatrik bozukluk varlığı Grup 1'de anlamlı olmamakla birlikte daha sıktı (%30 vs %18,2; p=0,648). Grup 2 hastaları içinde orta-ağır OUAS'li olgularda, hafif OUAS'li olgulara göre subjektif-objektif farklılığın anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu, bir diğer deyişle objektif toplam uyku süresine kıyasla subjektif olarak bildirilen sürenin çok daha az olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, paradoksal insomnide komorbid uyku hastalıklarının sık olduğu izlendi. Uykuyu algılama bozukluğunun derecesi incelendiğinde, subjektif-objektif uyumsuzluğun paradoksal insomnide eşlik eden uyku bozukluklarının ayırımında öngörücü rol oynamadığı görüldü. Diğer yandan, paradoksal insomninin orta-ağır OUAS hastalarında belirgin bir uyumsuzluk ile birlikte görülebileceği vurgulanmalıdır ve bu nedenle tüm paradoksal insomni hastalarında, polisomnografik incelemenin rutin olarak yapılması önerilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Paradoksal insomni; komorbidite; uyku algılama bozukluğu; polisomnografi
Objective: To investigate the presence of comorbid sleep disorders on the basis of clinical and polysomnographic data in the patients with paradoxical insomnia. Material and Methods: All patients admitted to our sleep disorders unit during the year 2019, and diagnosed as having paradoxical insomnia were prospectively included. Upon evaluation of clinical and polysomnographic data, the patients with paradoxical insomnia without comorbid sleep disorders were classified as Group 1, and those with comorbid sleep disorders were classified as Group 2. Results: Out of 32 patients having paradoxical insomnia, only 10 (31.3%) patients had no accompanying sleep disorders. Twenty two patients had comorbid sleep disorders (Group 2, 68.7%), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was the most common comorbidity (59.4%). In Group 1, 80% were females; while in Group 2, 63.6% were males (p=0.054). Comorbid psychiatric disorders were more frequent in Group 1, although it was not significant (30% vs 18.2%; p=0.648). Among Group 2, the subjective-objective mismatch was found to be significantly more pronounced in patients with moderate to severe OSAS in compared to those with mild OSAS. Conclusion: We observed that comorbid sleep disorders are common in paradoxical insomnia. In the evaluation of sleep misperception, the subjective-objective mismatch was not predictive to differentiate patients with paradoxical insomnia with or without comorbid sleep disorders. On the other hand, OSAS associated with paradoxical insomnia may result in greater subjective-objective mismatch. It may therefore be logical to suggest routine polysomnographic investigation in all patients with paradoxical insomnia.
Keywords: Paradoxical insomnia; comorbidity; sleep misperception; polysomnography
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