There are more than 200 diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, which are taken with foods and cause 600 million people to fall ill and about 420 thousand of them lose their lives. These factors arise due to the failure of the heat treatment of the ready to eat foods. One of them, L. monocytogenes, known for many years, is a biofilm-capable psychrophic bacteria with a wide range of physiological response mechanisms that can adapt to different stress conditions. It draws attention with its high mortality rate compared to many other bacteria, especially in pregnant women, the elderly and children. Despite this, it still has not created sufficient awareness among consumers. In addition, it plays an important role in increasing antibiotic resistance in antibiotics used in the poultry industry. This review aims to give information about general features of L. monocytogenes, virulence factors, biofilm resistance and inactivation, prevalence, antibiotic resistance and disease status in humans.
Keywords: Biofilm; listeriosis; prevalance; virulence
Gıdalar ile alınarak, her yıl 600 milyon kişinin hastalanmasına ve bu kişilerin yaklaşık 420 bininin ölümüne neden olan bakteri, virüs ve parazit gibi mikroorganizmalardan kaynaklı 200'den fazla hastalık etkeni bulunmaktadır. Özellikle tüketime hazır gıdaların ısı işlemi uygulanmamasına bağlı olarak bu etkenler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan biri olan ve yıllardan beri bilinen Listeria monocytogenes, farklı stres koşullarına karşı adaptasyon sağlayabilen çok çeşitli fizyolojik yanıt mekanizmalarına sahip, biyofilm oluşturabilen psikrotrof özellikte bir bakteridir. Diğer birçok bakteriye göre özellikle hamile kadınlar, yaşlılar ve çocuklar üzerindeki ölüm oranının yüksekliğiyle dikkat çekmektedir. Buna rağmen hâlen tüketiciler arasında yeterli farkındalığı sağlayamamıştır. Bunun yanında kanatlı sektöründe kullanılan antibiyotiklerde, antibiyotik direncinin artmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu derlemede, L. monocytogenes'in genel özellikleri, virulens faktörleri, biyofilm direnci ve inaktivasyonu, prevalansı, antibiyotik direnci ve insanlarda oluşturdurğu hastalık durumuyla ilgili bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyofilm; listeriosis; prevalans; virulens
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