Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), günümüzde oldukça yaygın görülen nörogelişimsel bir hastalıktır. Genetik, biyolojik ve çevresel faktörlerin hastalık gelişiminde rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar, çevresel kirleticilere maruziyetin genetik duyarlılığı olan bireylerde nörogelişimsel bozukluk riskinin artmasında rol oynayabileceğini göstermiştir. Endokrin bozucu bileşikler, bu çevresel kirleticilerin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Endokrin bozucular kısaca, 'Vücutta görev yapan hormonların metabolizmasını etkileyen kimyasal maddeler' olarak tanımlanmıştır. Özellikle cıva, kurşun, bisfenol A, fitalatlar gibi çevresel toksik maddelere maruz kalmanın OSB riskinin artışı ile ilişkili olabileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Özellikle prenatal ve perinatal dönemdeki maruziyetin ciddi risk oluşturduğu öne sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, literatürde OSB gelişim riski ile ilişkilendirilmiş endokrin bozuculardan bisfenol A, fitalatlar, dioksinler, poliklorlu bifeniller ve ağır metallerin OSB gelişimindeki potansiyel rollerinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu; endokrin bozucular
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is common today. Genetic, biological and environmental factors are thought to play a role in ASD development. Studies have shown that exposure to environmental pollutants may play a role in increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorder in genetically susceptible individuals. Endocrine disrupting compounds are an important part of these environmental pollutants. Endocrine disruptors are briefly described as 'Chemical substances that affect the metabolism of hormones acting in the body'. In particular, exposure to environmental toxic substances such as mercury, lead, bisphenol A, phthalates may be associated with an increase in ASD risk. It has been suggested that exposure in the prenatal and perinatal period poses a serious risk. In this review, the potential roles of endocrine disruptors bisphenol A, phthalates, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals in the development of ASD have been discussed.
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; endocrine disruptors
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