Osteoartrit (OA), en yaygın artrit türüdür. Ayrıca hareket yetersizliklerine neden olan sebeplerden en hızlı artanıdır. 2050 yılında, yaklaşık 130 milyon insanın önemli bir toplumsal sorun olan osteoartritten zarar göreceği belirtilmektedir. Dünyada, 60 yaş üstü kadınların %18'i ve erkeklerin ise %9,6'sı semptomatik OA'ya sahiptir ve bu kişilerin 1/4'ü günlük rutin aktivitelerini gerçekleştirememektedir. OA, subkondral kemiğin yeniden şekillenmesi, sinoviyal inflamasyon ve eklem kıkırdak kaybını içeren multifaktöriyel bir hastalıktır. İnflamatuar sitokinler, özellikle de interlökin-1β ve tümör nekrozis faktör-α, katabolik yolakları inhibe etmektedir. Obezitede görülen düşük düzeyde sistematik inflamasyon obezitenin, OA için değiştirilebilir bir risk faktörü olduğunu göstermektedir. Uluslararası Osteoartrit Araştırmaları Derneği rehberleri, hafif şişman/obez bireylerde egzersiz ile vücut ağırlığında azalmanın, OA semptomlarının azaltılmasında etkili olabileceğini belirtmiştir. OA'nın semptomlarının hafifletilmesinde, birçok besin grubu veya besin ögesi etkilidir. Yapılan çalışmalarda balık, süt ürünleri, sebze ve meyve gibi besinlerin içerdiği n-3, posa ve antioksidan vitamin ve minerallerden dolayı düzenli tüketilmesinin, OA ile negatif ilişki olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte D ve K vitaminleri yetersizliği ile OA arasında da pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca çalışmalar sonucunda posa tüketiminin, vücut ağırlığında azalmayı sağlayarak ve inflamasyonu önleyerek OA hastalığı riskini azalttığı belirtilmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin birçok hastalıkta olduğu gibi OA riskinde ve tedavi yönetiminde etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada enerji, makro ve mikro besin ögelerinin, OA oluşumunda veya tedavisindeki rolünün açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Osteoartrit; beslenme; antioksidanlar; obezite
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis. In addition, it is the most frequent cause leading to movement impairments. It is stated that about 130 million people will suffer from osteoarthritis, an important social problem, in 2050. Around the world, 18% of women and 9.6% of men over the age of 60 have symptomatic OA, and a quarter of these people are unable to perform daily routine activities. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease involving the remodeling of the subchondral bone, synovial inflammation and loss of joint cartilage. Inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, inhibit catabolic pathways. Low systematic inflammation in obesity suggests that obesity is a modifiable risk factor for OA. Adipokines, hyperglycemia and endocrinological problems have been associated with OA in a number of studies. Osteoarthritis Research Society International guidelines indicate that a decrease in body weight by exercise in overweight/obese individuals may be effective in reducing OA symptoms. Many food groups or nutrients are effective in alleviating the symptoms of osteoarthritis. In studies conducted, it has been observed that regular consumption of foods such as fish, dairy products, vegetables and fruits is negatively associated with OA, due to their content of n-3, fiber and antioxidant vitamins and minerals. Furthermore, a correlation has been found between vitamin D and K deficiency and OA. Also, studies show that the consumption of fiber prevents the risk of OA disease by decreasing body weight and preventing inflammation. Based on these data, adequate and balanced nutrition is considered to be effective in osteoarthritis risk and treatment management as in many diseases. In this study, it is aimed to explain the role of energy, macro and micronutrients in OA formation or treatment.
Keywords: Osteoarthritis; nutrition; antioxidants; obesity
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