Amaç: En az bir nörolojik hastalığı olan 65 yaş ve üzerindeki yaşlı bireylerde düşme riskine etki eden faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, en az bir nörolojik hastalığı olan, 65 yaş ve üzerindeki 200 yaşlı birey, düşme riski açısından değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Veriler, sosyodemografik veri formu ve İtaki Düşme Riski Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Nörolojik hastalığı olan yaşlı bireylerde, düşme riski puanını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi için doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaşları, cinsiyetleri, kronik hastalık sayıları, baş dönmesi, inkontinans durumları, ortostatik hipotansiyon, riskli ilaç kullanım ve engel durumları bağımsız değişkenler; İtaki Düşme Riski puanları ise bağımlı değişken olarak modele dâhil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan yaşlıların yaş ortalaması 71,5±6,34 yıl olup; %70,5'i kadınlardan, %29,5'i erkeklerden oluşmaktadır. Yaşlıların tamamının en az bir kronik hastalığa sahip olduğu ve kullandıkları ilaç sayısının ortalama 3,68±2,43 olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yaşlıların %67,3'ünün riskli ilaç kullanımı, %55,57'inin inkontinansı, %81'inin baş dönmesi ve %70,5'inin ortostatik hipotansiyonunun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucunda katılımcıların inkontinans, baş dönmesi, ortostatik hipotansiyon, ilaç sayıları ve riskli ilaç kullanım durumları düşme riski puanlarını etkileyen faktörler; yaşları, cinsiyetleri, kronik hastalık sayıları ve engel durumları ise düşme puanları üzerinde etkili olmayan faktörler olarak bulunmuştur. Baş dönmesi, inkontinansı, ortostatik hipotansiyonu ve riskli ilaç kullanımı olan yaşlılarda, düşme riski puanlarının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yaşlılarda kullanılan ilaç sayısı ile düşme riski puanı arasında pozitif yönde güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Kullanılan ilaç sayısı arttıkça, düşme riski puanları da artmaktadır. Sonuç: Nörolojik hastalığı olan yaşlı bireylerde, düşme risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmanın sonucunda, düşme riski üzerinde etkili olan en önemli faktörler ortostatik hipotansiyon varlığı ve riskli ilaç kullanımı durumu olarak bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Düşme riski; yaşlılar; nörolojik hastalık
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the risk of falls in elderly individuals aged 65 years and over with at least one neurological disease. Material and Methods: In this study, 200 elderly individuals with at least one neurological disease (aged 65 and over) were evaluated for the risk of falling. Data were collected using sociodemographic data form and Itaki Fall Risk Scale. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting the fall risk score in elderly individuals with neurological disease. Age, gender, number of chronic diseases, dizziness, incontinence, orthostatic hypotension, risky drug use and disability status were included as independent variables, while the Falling Risk scores were included as dependent variables. Results: The mean age of the participants was 71.5±6.34 years; 70.5% of them are women and 29.5% are men. It was found that all elderly people had at least one chronic disease and the mean number of drugs used was 3.68±2.43. In addition, 67.3% of the elderly had risky drug use, 55.5% had incontinence, 81% had dizziness and 70.5% had orthostatic hypotension. As a result of the linear regression analysis, the factors affecting the participants' incontinence status, dizziness status, orthostatic hypotension status, number of drugs and risky drug use status fall risk scores; age, sex, number of chronic diseases and disability status were found to be ineffective factors on fall scores. The risk of falls was found to be higher in the elderly with dizziness, incontinence, orthostatic hypotension and risky drug use. In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between the number of drugs used in the elderly and the fall risk score. As the number of drugs used increases, fall risk scores increase. Conclusion: As a result of this study which was conducted to determine the fall risk in elderly individuals with neurological disease, the most important factors affecting fall risk were found to be the presence of orthostatic hypotension and the presence of risky drug use.
Keywords: Falling risk; elderly people; neurological disease
- van Doorn C, Gruber-Baldini AL, Zimmerman S, Hebel JR, Prot CL, Baumgarten M, et al; Epidemiology of Dementia in Nursing Homes Research Group. Dementia as a risk factor for falls and fall injuries among nursing home resident. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(9):1213-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Morse JM. The safety of safety research: the case of patient fall research. Can J Nurs Res. 2006;38(2):74-88.
- Daal JO, van Lieshout JJ. Falls and medications in the elderly. Neth J Med. 2005;63(3):91-6.
- Stel VS, Smit JH, Pluijm SMF, Lips P. Balance and mobility performance as treatable risk factors for recurrent falling in older persons. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(7):659-68. [Crossref]
- Işık AT, Cankurtaran M, Doruk H, Mas MR. [Evaluation of falls in geriatric cases patients]. Turk J Geriatr. 2006;9(1):45-50.
- Huang, HC, Gau ML, Lin WC, George K. Assessing risk of falling in older adults. Public Health Nurs. 2003;20(5):399-411. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Çamur D, Acar-Vaizoğlu S. [Environment for Healthy Aging]. Aslan D, Ertem M, editörler. Yaşlı Sağlığı: Sorunlar ve Çözümler. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık; 2012. p.31-6.
- Kaymak Karataş GK, Maral I. [Fall frequency in 6 months period and risk factors for fall in geriatric population living in Ankara-Gölbaşı district]. Turk J Geriatr. 2001;4(4):152-8.
- Tinetti ME. Preventing falls in elderly persons. N Eng J Med. 2003;348(1):42-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Reyes-Ortiz CA, Al Snih S, Loera J, Ray LA, Markides K. Risk faktors for falling in older Mexican Americans. Ethn Dis. 2004;14(3):417-22.
- McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise physiology. Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance. 6th ed. Maryland, USA: Limpincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007. p.93-9.
- Dikmenoğlu N, Beyazova M, Gökçe-Kutsal Y. [Aging in different systems]. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi; 2000. p.1335-40.
- Bıçakçı Ş. [Fall: epidemiology and clinical importance]. Sarıca Y, Beyazova M, editörler. Yürüme Bozuklukları ve Düşme. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitapevleri Yayınları; 2014. p.143-79.
- Gostynski M, Ajdacic-Gross V, Heusser-Gretler R, Gutzwiller F, Michel JP, Herrmann F. [Dementia, depression and activity of daily living as risk factors for falls in elderly patients]. Soz Praventivmed. 2001;46(2):123-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kose N, Cuvalci S, Ekici S, Otman AS, Karakaya AG. The risk factors of fall and their correlation with balance, depression, cognitive impairment and mobility skills in elderly nursing home residents. Saudi Med J. 2005;26(6):978-81.
- Tanıl V, Çetinkaya Y, Sayer V, Avşar D, İskit Y. [Evaluating fall risk]. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Derg. 2014;1(1):21-6.
- Çeçen D, Özbayır T. [Evaluation of practices related to falling prevention and determination of falling risk of elderly patients who are treated in surgical clinics]. Journal of Ege University School of Nursing. 2011;27(1):11-23.
- Özdemir L, Akdemir N, Akyar İ. [Elderly evaluation form developed for nurses and geriatric problems]. Turk J Geriatr. 2005;8(2):94-100.
- Beyazay S, Durna Z, Akın S. [Assessment of risk of falls in the elderly and associated factors with falls]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2014;6(1):1-12.
- Usta Yeşilbalkan Ö, Karadakovan A. [The frequency of falls in elderly individuals living in Narlıdere rest home and the evulution of the affecting factors]. Turk J Geriatr. 2005;8(2):72-7.
- Tinetti ME, Williams CS. Falls, injuries due to falls, and the risk of admission to a nursing home. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(18):1279-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Skelton D, Todd C. What are the main risk factors for falls amongst older people and what are the most effective interventions to prevent these falls? Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2004. Health Evidence Network report; http://www.euro.who.int/document/E82552.pdf Accessed 5 April 2004.
- Savcı C, Kaya H, Acaroğlu R, Kaya N, Bilir A, Kahraman H, et al. [The determination of patients' falling risk and taken preventive measures in neurology and neurosurgery clinics]. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi. 2009;2(3):19-25.
- Oyur Çelik G, Zıngal H. [The determination of falling risk of patients and precautions taken in neurosurgery clinic]. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016;1(1):7-11.
- Damián J, Pastor-Barriuso R, Valderrama-Gama E, de Pedro-Cuesta J. Factors associated with falls among older adults living in institutions. BMC Geriatr. 2013;13:6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- de Rekeneire N, Visser M, Peila R, Nevitt MC, Cauley JA, Tylavsky FA, et al. Is a fall just a fall: correlates of falling in healthy older persons. The health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(6):841-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Huang TT. Geriatric fear of falling measure: development and psychometric testing. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43(3):357-65. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Keskinoğlu P, Giray H, Pıçakçıefe M, Bilgiç N, Uçku R. [Home accidents in elderly in İnönü Health Centre Area]. Turk Geriatr Dergisi. 2004;7(2):89-94.
- Titler MG, Shever LL, Kanak MF, Picone DM, Qin R. Factors associated with falls during hospitalization in an older adult population. Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2011;25(2):127-48. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Çubukçu M. [Falling risk assessment in home care patients]. Türk Aile Hek Derg. 2018;22(2):50-7. [Crossref]
- Rao SS. Prevention of falls in older patients. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(1):81-8.
- Özgöbek R, Şentürk M, Tombak E, Dağıstan D, Pekçetin E, Alıthan F, et al. [Correlation between medications and falls in the elderly people dwelling at nursing homes]. Journal of Academic Geriatrics. 2010;2(1):23-6.
- Dişcigil G, Tekinç N, Anadol Z, Bozkaya AO. [Polypharmacy in nursing home and community-dwelling elderly]. Turk J Geriatr. 2006;9(3):117-21.
- Esengen Ş, Seçkin Ü, Borman P, Bodur H, Gökçe-Kutsal Y, Yücel M. [The assessment of functional cognitive impairment and drug consumption in a group of elderly residents of a nursing home]. Turk J Geriatr. 2000;3(1):6-10.
- Lipsitz LA, Jonsson PV, Kelley MM, Koestner JS. Causes and correlates of recurrent falls in ambulatory frail elderly. J Gerontol. 1991;46(4):M114-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Erdem Ö, Atay S. [Risk of falling and its affecting factors among emergency room patients]. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2018;5(2):128-37. [Crossref]
- Guimarães JMN, de Tarso Veras Farinatti P. Descriptive analysis of variables theoretically associated to the risk of falls in elder women. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2005;11(5):280-6. [Crossref]
- Riefkohl EZ, Bieber HL, Burlingame MB, Lowenthal TD. Medications and falls in the elderly: a review of the evidence and practical considerations. Pharm Therap. 2003;28(11):724-33.
- Tanrikulu F, Sari D. Determining patients' risk of falling in the emergency department. Int J Caring Sci. 2017;10(2):907-14.
- Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Wyman JF, Stone KL, Nevitt MC, Ensrud KE, et al. Urinary incontinence: does it increase risk for falls and fractures? Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48(7):721-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Cankurtaran F, Soyuer F, Akın S. [Urinary incontinence problem in elderly people living in rest home and it's relationship with mobility]. Gümüşhane University J Health Sci. 2015;4(4):594-603.
- Tong YC. Diagnosis and treatment of geriatric urinary incontinence. Incont Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2009;3(3):69- 72.
- Gemalmaz A, Dişçigil G, Başak O. [Evaluation of the balance and gait status in nursing home residents]. Turk J Geriatr. 2004:7(1):41-4.
- Ateşkan Ü, Mas MR, Doruk H, Kutlu M. [Urinary incontinence among the elderly people of Turkey: prevalance, clinical types and health-care seeking]. Turk J Geriatr. 2000;3(2):45-50.
- Kim H, Yoshida H, Suzuki T. The effect of multidimensional exercise on functional decline, urinary incontinence, and fear of falling in community-dwelling elderly women with multiple symptoms of geriatric syndrome: a randomized controlled and 6-month follow-up trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;52(1):99-105. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kron M, Loy S, Sturm E, Nikolaus T, Becker C. Risk indicators for falls in institutionalized frail elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158(7):645-53. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Criter RE, Honaker JA. Fall risk screening protocol for older hearing clinic patients. Int J Audiol. 2017;56(10):767-74. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Morse JM. Enhancing the safety of hospitalization by reducing patient falls. Am J Infect Control. 2002;30(6):376-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Krauss MJ, Evanoff B, Hitcho E, Ngugi KE, Dunagan WC, Fischer I, et al. A case-control study of patient, medication, and care-related risk factors for inpatient falls. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(2):116-22. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Maurer MS, Cohen S, Cheng H. The degree and timing of orthostatic blood pressure changes in relation to falls in nursing home residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2004;5(4):233-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pendrak T. Orthostatic hypotension: catching the fall in BP. LPN. 2005;1(5):4-7.
- Ooi WL, Hossain M, Lipsitz LA. The association between orthostatic hypotension and recurrent falls in nursing home residents. Am J Med. 2000;108(2):106-11. [Crossref]
- Podoleanu C, Maggi R, Brignole M, Croci F, Incze A, Solano A, et al. Lower limb and abdominal compression bandages prevent progressive orthostatic hypotension in elderly persons: a randomized single-blind controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(7):1425-32. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Sclater A, Alagiakrishnan K. Orthostatic hypotension. A primary care primer for assessment and treatment. Geriatrics. 2004;59(8):22-7.
- Zion AS, Meersman RD, Diamond BE, Bloomfield DM. A home-based resistance-training program using elastic bands for elderly patients with orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res. 2003;13(4):286-92. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Finucane C, O'Connell MDL, Donoghue O, Richardson K, Savva GM, Kenny RA. Impaired orthostatic blood pressure recovery is associated with unexplained and injurious falls. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(3):474-82. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gürler H, Özkan Tuncay F, Kars Fertelli T. [The determination of perceived risk factors and the level of knowledge for falls in elderly individuals who lives in a nursing home]. Van Med J. 2019;26(3):315-23. [Crossref]
- Laessoe U, Hoeck HC, Simonsen O, Sinkjaer T, Voigt M. Fall risk in an active elderly population--can it be assessed? J Negat Results Biomed. 2007;6:2. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Lord SR. Visual risk factors for falls in older people. Age Aging. 2006;35 Suppl 2:ii42-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi