Multipl skleroz (MS), santral sinir sisteminin otoimmün kaynaklı nörodejeneratif bir hastalığıdır. MS'li bireyler santral sinir sistemi tutulumuna bağlı çok çeşitli semptomlar yaşayabilmektedir. MS'li bireylerin %80'inden fazlası üriner semptomlar, %39-73'ü bağırsak semptomları ve %40-90'ı cinsel işlev bozukluğu bildirmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu semptomlar MS'li bireyin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyen bir dizi soruna yol açmaktadır. Bu semptomların tedavisinde kullanılan fizyoterapi yöntemlerinden olan pelvik taban kas eğitimi günümüzde üriner inkontinans, pelvik organ prolapsusu ve fekal inkontinans için öncelikli tercih edilen bir tedavi seçeneğidir ayrıca cinsel işlevi iyileştirmede etkili olabileceğini gösteren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, MS'li bireylerde pelvik taban kas eğitiminin önemini ve MS'ye bağlı üriner semptomlar, bağırsak semptomları ve cinsel işlev bozukluğunun yönetimindeki yerini vurgulamaktır. MS'li bireylerde pelvik taban kas eğitimi üriner inkontinans, aşırı aktif mesane ve cinsel işlev bozukluğu tedavisinde etkili bir yöntemdir. Ayrıca pelvik taban kas eğitimi alan MS'li bireylerde yaşam kalitesi de artmaktadır. Literatürde biofeedback eğitiminin fekal inkontinans ve konstipasyon için etkili olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Çalışmalar müdahalelerini pelvik taban kas eğitimi olarak tanımlanmasa da biofeedback eğitimi pelvik taban kas eğitiminde egzersizlerin doğrulanması ve eğitimin gerçekleşmesi amacıyla kullanılan bir yöntemdir bu nedenle de pelvik taban kas eğitiminin fekal inkontinansı ve konstipasyonu tedavi etmede etkili bir yöntem olduğu görülmektedir. MS'li bireylerde üriner retansiyonun tedavi edilmesinde mevcut bir çalışma bulunmasa da ümit vaat eden bir alandır ve araştırılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca mevcut kanıtların güçlendirilmesi ve net bir tedavi protokolünün tanımlanması için metodolojik olarak kaliteli araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Multipl skleroz; üriner inkontinans; fekal inkontinans; cinsel işlev bozukluğu; pelvik taban kas eğitimi
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-based, neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system. People with MS (pwMS) may experience a wide variety of symptoms due to central nervous system involvement. More than 80% of pwMS report urinary symptoms, 39-73% report bowel symptoms, and 40-90% report sexual dysfunction. At the same time, these symptoms lead to a series of problems that negatively affect quality of life of pwMS. Pelvic floor muscle training, one of the physiotherapy methods used in treating these symptoms, is now recommended as first-line treatment option for urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and fecal incontinence, and there is evidence showing that it may be effective in improving sexual function. This review aims to emphasize importance of pelvic floor muscle training in pwMS and its place in management of MS-related urinary symptoms, bowel symptoms and sexual dysfunction. Pelvic floor muscle training is an effective method in treatment of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and sexual dysfunction in pwMS. In addition, quality of life increases in pwMS who receive pelvic floor muscle training. Evidence in the literature shows that biofeedback training is effective for fecal incontinence and constipation. Although the studies do not define their interventions as pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback training is used to verify exercises and realize training in pelvic floor muscle training. Although there is no studies for treating urinary retention in pwMS, it is a promising area that must be investigated. Additionally, methodologically high-quality research is needed to strengthen existing evidence and define a clear treatment protocol.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; urinary incontinence; fecal incontinence; sexual dysfunction; pelvic floor muscle training
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