Çeşitli hastalıklarda tercih edilen ilaçların artık etkisiz kalmasıyla birlikte, bu ilaçların yerine monoklonal antikorlar önemli bir terapötik ajan sınıfı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Monoklonal antikorların çoğu onkolojik, immünolojik ve bulaşıcı hastalıklarda kullanılmalarının yanı sıra; diğer hastalık alanlarında kullanımı da gün geçtikçe daha da yaygınlaşmaktadır. Monoklonal antikorların kullanıldığı başta gelen alanlardan bir tanesi de romatizmal hastalıklardır. Romatizmal hastalıklarda, öncelikli tedavi steroit olmayan antiinflamatuar ilaçlar, kortikosteroidler ve hastalık modifiye eden antiromatizmal ilaçlar ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Daha yakın zamanlarda, çeşitli romatizmal hastalıklarda önemli rol oynayan birincil sitokinler ve inflamatuar yollar üzerinde etki gösteren monoklonal antikorlar ve biyoteknolojik ajanlar geliştirilmiştir. Bu önemli ajanlar arasında, tümör nekroz faktör antagonistleri, antisitokinler ve diğer majör immünsupresif ajanlar yer almaktadır. Bu derlemede en sık görülen romatizmal hastalıklarda, yeni geliştirilen monoklonal antikorların tercihi, kullanılan monoklonal antikorların hedef yolakları, kullanımı ve vücut üzerindeki etkinlikleri ve advers etkilerine değinilmiştir. Diğer birçok ilaçta olduğu gibi monoklonal antikorlarda da farklı sistemleri etkileyen advers etkiler meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu advers etkiler arasında, bağışıklığın baskılanmasından kaynaklı gelişen sekonder enfeksiyonlar yer almaktadır. Hastalığın kritik oluşuna dair verilen bu bilgileri göz ardı ederek monoklonal antikorlarla tedaviye devam edilmesi tartışılması gereken bir konudur. Kar-zarar durumu hesaba katılarak uygulamanın sürdürülmesine karar verilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Monoklonal antikorlar; romatoid artrit; sistemik lupus eritematozus; Behçet hastalığı; Sjögren sendromu
Monoclonal antibodies have emerged as an important class of therapeutic agents in today's market as the drugs of choice for various diseases are no longer effective. The majority of monoclonal antibodies are used in oncological, immunological and infectious diseases, but the use of many of these therapeutics is expanding into other disease areas. One of the main areas where monoclonal antibodies are used is rheumatic diseases. The primary treatment of rheumatic diseases is with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids and disease modifying anti-rheumatismal agents. More recently, monoclonal antibodies and biologics have been developed that act on primary cytokines and inflammatory pathways that play an important role in various rheumatic diseases. These important agents include tumour necrosis factor antagonists, anticytokines and other major immunosuppressive agents. In this review, the preference of newly developed monoclonal antibodies in the most common rheumatic diseases, the target pathways of the monoclonal antibodies used, their use, their efficacy and adverse effects on the body were evaluated. As with many other drugs, adverse effects affecting different systems occur in monoclonal antibodies. The most important of these adverse effects are secondary infections that develop due to immunosuppression. Continuing treatment with monoclonal antibodies by ignoring all this information about the criticality of the disease is an issue that needs to be discussed. It should be decided to continue the treatment by taking into account the cost-benefit situation.
Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies; rheumatoid arthritis; systemic lupus erythematosus; Behçet's disease; Sjögren's syndrome
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