Oral yol en çok tercih edilen veriliş yolu olmasına rağmen geliştirilen ilaç adaylarının yüksek lipofilisitesi nedeniyle yaklaşık yarısının oral yoldan verilmesi güçtür. Etkin maddelerin büyük bir kısmının suda çözünürlüklerinin çok düşük olması biyoyararlanımlarının da düşük olmasına neden olmaktadır. Çözünürlüğün artırılmasına yönelik kullanılan yaklaşımlardan biri olan lipid temelli sistemler en çok dikkat çeken formülasyon stratejisidir. Lipid temelli sistemler içinde de kendiliğinden emülsifiye ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler özellikle düşük çözünürlük ve yüksek permeabilite özelliği gösteren biyofarmasötik sınıflandırma sistemi (BCS) Sınıf II ilaçların çözünürlük ve biyoyararlanım problemlerinin üstesinden gelmek için sıklıkla tercih edilen ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerdir. Kendiliğinden emülsifiye ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler yağ, sürfaktan ve kosürfaktandan oluşan in vitro veya in vivo koşullarda sulu bir ortam ile temas ve hafif bir çalkalama ile kendiliğinden yağ/su emülsiyonu oluşturabilen izotropik ve termodinamik açıdan dayanıklı sistemlerdir. Kendiliğinden emülsifiye ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerin karaciğerden ilk geçiş etkisini elimine etmesi, P-glikoprotein akışını inhibe etmesi, oral yoldan uygulama kolaylığı, üretim ve ölçek büyütmeye uygunluğu, birey içi-bireyler arası değişkenliği azaltması gibi pek çok avantajı nedeniyle tercih edilmektedir. Bu derleme makalesinde, lipid temelli sistemler ve lipid temelli sistemlerden olan kendiliğinden emülsifiye ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerin bileşen özellikleri, avantajları, dezavantajları, formülasyonunu etkileyen faktörler, oluşum mekanizması, hazırlanmaları, kalite kontrolleri, ticari örnekleri ve literatür çalışmaları sunulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Lipid temelli sistemler; lipid formülasyon sınıflandırma sistemi; kendiliğinden emülsifiye ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler; düşük çözünürlüklü etkin maddeler
The oral route is the preferred route of administration; however, the oral administration of approximately half of the drug compounds is complex due to the high lipophilicity of the drug candidates developed. The very low water solubility of most of the active substances causes their bioavailability to be low. Lipid-based systems, one of the approaches used to increase solubility, are the formulation strategy that attracts the most attention. Among lipid-based systems, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are frequently preferred drug carrier systems to overcome the solubility and bioavailability problems of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) Class II drugs, especially with low solubility and high permeability. SEDDS are isotropic and thermodynamically stable systems that can spontaneously form an oil/water emulsion consisting of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant by contact with an aqueous medium in vitro or in vivo conditions and with slight agitation. SEDDS are preferred because of their many advantages, such as eliminating the firstpass effect through the liver, inhibiting P-glycoprotein efflux, ease of oral administration, suitability for production and scale-up, and reducing intra- and inter-individual variability. This review article presents component properties, advantages, disadvantages, factors affecting formulation, formation mechanism, preparation, quality controls, commercial examples, and literature examples of lipid-based systems and SEDDS, which are lipid-based systems.
Keywords: Lipid-based systems; lipid formulation classification system; self-emulsifying drug delivery systems; poorly soluble drugs
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