Amaç: Hipotermi anestezi uygulamaları sırasında sık karşılaşılan, morbidite ve mortalitede artma ile ilişkili termoregülatuar bir bozukluktur. Bu çalışmada, açık ya da laparoskopik majör cerrahi uygulanan hastalarda, vücut sıcaklıklarında ve derlenme zamanları arasında farklılık olup olmadığı araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Genel Cerrahi ve Üroloji Ameliyathanelerinde; en az 2 saat süren abdominal cerrahi uygulanan, 18-65 yaş arası, Grup 1: Laparoskopik (n=38) ve Grup 2: Açık (n=34) olmak üzere toplam 72 hasta çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Hastalar, alttan ısıtıcı sirkülasyonlu su sistemi ile 38°C de ısıtıldı. Laparoskopik cerrahilerde karın içi basınçları 12-15 mmHg olacak şekilde standardize edildi. Ameliyat odasının ortam sıcaklığı 20-22 °C arasında standardize edildi. Hastaların vücut sıcaklıkları, perioperatif dönemde timpanik termometre ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Demografik veriler, peroperatif vücut sıcaklıkları, verilen intravenöz sıvılar, kanama miktarı, analjezik miktarı, premedikasyonda bekleme süreleri, derlenme ünitesinde kalma süreleri, Aldrete skorları bakımından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Laparoskopik cerrahi uygulanan hastalarda, vizüel analog skala ağrı skoru anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü ve operasyon süresi daha uzundu (p<0,05). Açık cerrahi süredeki 10 dk'lık artış vücut ısısında ortalama 0,006±0,002 derece düşüşe neden oldu (%95 güven aralığı: 0,002; 0,01; p=0,004). Laparoskopik cerrahi süredeki 10 dk'lık artış vücut ısısında ortalama 0,005±0,002 derece artışa neden oldu (%95 güven aralığı: 0,001; 0,008; p=0,007). Sonuç: Cerrahi süresinin artması, açık cerrahi sırasında vücut sıcaklıklarının düşmesine neden olabilir. Cerrahi öncesinde, vücut sıcaklığının optimizasyonu ve intraoperatif ısıtma sistemlerinin kullanılması, laparoskopik ve açık ameliyatlarda hipotermiyi ve olumsuz sonuçları önlemede etkili yöntemlerdir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Perioperatif dönem; hipotermi; derlenme odası
Objective: Hypothermia is a thermoregulatory disorder that is frequently encountered during anesthesia and associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference between open and laparoscopic major surgeries in terms of body temperature and recovery time. Material and Methods: Seventy- two patients, aged 18-65 years, who underwent open (n=38) or laparoscopic surgery (n=34) lasting longer than 2 hours at the General Surgery or Urology Operation Rooms were included. All patients were heated at 38 °C with a circulating water mattress heating system according to routine procedures. The intraabdominal pressure was maintained at 12-15 mmHg during laparoscopic surgeries. Operation room temperature was set at 20-22°C. Peroperative body temperature of the patients was measured with a tympanic thermometer. Results: Demographic data, peroperative body temperature, iv fluid replacement, amount of blood loss, analgesic usage, time at premedication, time at recovery unite, and Aldrete scores were similar between the groups (p>0.05). Visual analogue scale pain score was significantly lower and the operation time was longer in patients who had laparoscopic surgery (p<0.05). The 10-minute increase in open surgery duration caused an average decrease of 0.006±0.002 degrees in body temperature (95% CI: 0.002; 0.01; p=0.004). The 10-minute increase in laparoscopic surgery duration caused an average increase of 0.005±0.002 degrees in body temperature (95% CI: 0.001; 0.008; p=0.007). Conclusion: Increasing the operation time may cause the body temperature to decrease during open surgery. Preoperative body temperature optimization and the use of intraoperative warming systems are effective methods to prevent hypothermia and adverse consequences in laparoscopic and open surgeries.
Keywords: Perioperative period; hypothermia; recovery room
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Clinical Guideline 65. Hypothermia: prevention and management in adults having surgery. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):e0226038.[Link]
- Burger L, Fitzpatrick J. Prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. Br J Nurs. 2009;18(18):1114-9.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Brauer A. History of periopertive hypothermia. Anselm Brauer Perioperative Temperature Management. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; 2017; online 2019.[Crossref]
- Torassian A. The TEMMP (Thermoregulation in Europe Monitoring and Managing Patient Temperature) Study Group. Survey on intraoperative temperature management in Europe. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2007;24(8):668-75.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Alfonsi P, Bekka S, Aegerter P; SFAR Research Network investigators. Prevalence of hypothermia on admission to recovery room remains high despite a large use of forced-air warming devices: Findings of a non-randomized observational multicenter and pragmatic study on perioperative hypothermia prevalence in France. PLoSOne. 2019;14(12):e0226038.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Shenoy L, Krishna HM, Kalyan N, Prasad KH. A prospective comparative study between prewarming and cowarming to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2019;35(2):231-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Siddiqiui T, Pal KMI, Shaukat F, Mubashir H, Akbar Ali A, Malik MJA, et al. Association between perioperative hypothermia and surgical site infection after elective abdominal surgery: A prospective cohort study. Cureus. 2020;12(10):e11145.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Shao L, Zheng H, Jia FJ, Wang HQ, Liu L, Sun Q, et al. Methods of patient warming during abdominal surgery. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e39622.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yi J, Xiang Z, Deng X, Fan T, Fu R, Geng W, et al. Incidence of inadvertent intraoperative hypothermia and its risk factors in patients undergoing general anesthesia in beijing: A prospective regional survey. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0136136.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Dean M, Ramsay R, Heriot A, Mackay J, Hiscock R, Lynch AC. Warmed, humidified CO2insufflation benefits intraoperative core temperature during laparoscopic surgery: A meta-analysis. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2017;10(2):128-36.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Jiang R, Sun Y, Wang H, Liang M, Xie X. Effect of different carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation for laparoscopic colorectal surgery in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(41):e17520.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hoda MR, Popken G. Maintaining perioperative normothermia during laparoscopic and open urologic surgery. J Endourol. 2008;22(5):931-8.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Turkish Society of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation Practice Guideline for Prevention of Unintentional Perioperative Hypothermia. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2013;41(5):188-90.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Aksu C, Kuş A, Gürkan Y, Solak M, Toker K. Survey on postoperative hypothermia incidence in operating theatres of Kocaeli university. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2014;42(2):66-70.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Díaz M, Becker DE. Thermoregulation: physiological and clinical considerations during sedation and general anesthesia. Anesth Prog. 2010;57(1):25-32; quiz 33-4.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Daniel I. Sessler. Complications and treatment of mild hypothermia. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(2):531-43.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Karalapillai D, Story D, Hart GK, Bailey M, Pilcher D, Schneider A, et al. Postoperative hypothermia and patient outcomes after major elective non-cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia. 2013;68(6):605-11.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Sajid MS, Mallick AS, Rimpel J, Bokari SA, Cheek E, Baig MK. Effect of heated and humidified carbon dioxide on patients after laparoscopic procedures: a meta-analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2008;18(6):539-46.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Erikoglu M, Yol S, Avunduk MC, Erdemli E, Can A. Electron-microscopic alterations of the peritoneum after both cold and heated carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. J Surg Res. 2005;125(1):73-7.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ott DE. Desertification of the peritoneum by thin-film evaporation during laparoscopy. JSLS. 2003;7(3):189-95.[PubMed]
- Jadhav RS, Puram NN, Ramanand J, Zende AM, Bhosale RR, Karande VB. End tidal CO2 level (PETCO2) during laparoscopic surgery: comparison between spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia. International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology 2017;6(2):286-90.[Crossref]
- Streich B, Decailliot F, Perney C, Duvaldestin P. Increased carbon dioxide absorption during retroperitoneal laparoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 2003;91(6):793-6.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lourenco T, Murray A, Grant A, McKinley A, Krukowski Z, Vale L. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: safe and effective? - A systematic review. Surg Endosc. 2008;22(5):1146-60.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Veldkamp R, Kuhry E, Hop WC, Jeekel J, Kazemier G, Bonjer HJ, et al. COlon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study Group (COLOR). Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6(7):477-84.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kuhry E, Bonjer HJ, Haglind E, Hop WC, Veldkamp R, Cuesta MA, et al. COLOR Study Group. Impact of hospital case volume on short-term outcome after laparoscopic operation for colonic cancer. Surg Endosc. 2005;19(5):687-92.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pei L, Huang Y, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Sang X, Zhou X, et al. Effects of ambient temperature and forced-air warming on intraoperative core temperature: A factorial randomized trial. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(5):903-11.[Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi