Kurkumin, zerdeçal olarak bilinen Curcuma longa isimli bitkinin köklerinden elde edilmektedir. Kurkuminin glikoliz aktivasyonu, hepatik glukoneogenezin inhibisyonu ve lipit metabolizmasının azaltılması yoluyla glukoz homeostazına aracılık etmektedir. Nükleer faktör-kappa B inhibitörü olan kurkumin insülin direncinin hafifletilmesinde yardımcıdır; peroksizom proliferatörü aktive reseptör gamayı aktive ederek hipoglisemik etkiler göstermekte ve böylece kan glukoz seviyelerindeki artışları baskılayabilmektedir. Kurkuminin insülin sekresyonu üzerinde bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini gösteren çalışmalar mevcuttur. Arterlerdeki Ang II Tip-1 reseptörü ekspresyonunu düzenleyerek metabolik sendromun önemli bileşenlerinden biri olan hipertansiyon gelişimini önleyebilmektedir. Kurkuminlerin trigliserid düşürücü etkileri çeşitli deneysel çalışmalarda doğrulanmıştır. Trigliserid sentezini düşüren ve yağ asidi oksidasyonunu artıran lipit metabolizması üzerindeki etkisine ek olarak, kurkuminin bazal metabolik hızı ve bazı sitokinlerin salınımını artırarak vücut ağırlığını da azaltabileceğini gösteren kanıtlar bulunmaktadır. Kurkuminlerin hepatik yağ birikimini azalttığı ve lipojenik faktörleri aşağı regüle ederek steatozu önlediği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, sistemik inflamasyonun biyobelirteçlerini, hepatosit hasarını ve oksidatif stresi azaltmakta, insülin duyarlılığını ve glisemik kontrolü geliştirmektedir. Kurkumin, hepatik enzimler HMG-CoA redüktaz ve açil CoA kolesterol açiltransferazı baskılayarak hepatik kolesterol ve total kolesterol seviyelerini düşürmektedir. Ek olarak, hepatik yağlı asit sentaz aktivitesini inhibe etmekte ve yağ asitlerinin beta oksidasyonunu artırmaktadır. Kurkuminin metabolik sendromun neden olduğu parametreleri düzelterek ve olumsuz etkilerini ortadan kaldırarak metabolik sendromun tedavisinde umut verici bir ajan olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kurkumin; metabolik sendrom; diabetes mellitus; hipertansiyon
Curcumin is derived from the roots of the plant Curcuma longa known as turmeric. Curcumin mediates glucose homeostasis through activation of glycosis, inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and reducing lipid metabolism. As a nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor, curcumin helps to alleviate insulin resistance; activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and shows hypoglycemic effects and thus suppresses increases in blood glucose levels. There are studies showing that curcumin may have an effect on insülin secretion. By regulating the expression of the Ang II Type-1 receptor in the arteries, it can prevent the development of hypertension, an important component of the metabolic syndrome. The triglyceride-lowering effects of curcumin were confirmed in various experimental studies. In addition to the effects on the lipid metabolism, there is some evidence that curcumin can reduce body weight by increasing the basal metabolic rate and release of some cytokines. Curcumin was found to reduce hepatic fat accumulation and prevent steatosis by down-regulating lipogenic factors. In addition, it reduces the biomarkers of systemic inflammation, hepatocyte injury and oxidative stress, and improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. Curcumin reduces hepatic cholesterol and total cholesterol levels by inhibiting hepatic enzymes HMG-CoA reductase and acyl CoA cholesterol acyltransferase. In addition, it inhibits hepatic fatty acid synthase activity and increases beta oxidation of fatty acids. Curcumin is a promising agent in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by correcting the parameters caused by the metabolic syndrome and eliminating its negative effects.
Keywords: Curcumin; metabolic syndrome; diabetes mellitus; hypertension
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