Amaç: Son yıllarda, çocuk ve genç erişkinler arasında uyuşturucu madde kullanımı artmıştır. Çocuğun uyuşturucu madde kullanımı ile ilgili risk faktörlerinin ve söz konusu davranışı engelleme potansiyeline sahip koruyucu faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacını taşıyan bu çalışmada nedensel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. İstanbul'da bir devlet lisesine giden öğrenciler (n=106) ve İstanbul'da çeşitli vakıf üniversitelerinde eğitimlerine devam öğrenciler (n=206); İstanbul Anadolu Denetimli Serbestlik Müdürlüklerinde adli kontrol altında olan çocuk ve gençler (n=121) ile İstanbul Adliyesi Çocuk ve Çocuk Ağır Ceza Mahkemelerinde yargılanan suça sürüklenen çocuklar (n=134) olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden amaçlı örnekleme tekniği kullanılarak çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, çocukların sahip olduğu değerler, inançlar, tutumlar ve beklentiler bağlamında kişilik, algılanan çevre ve davranış sistemlerini ölçen toplamda 332 sorudan oluşan Ergen Sağlığı ve Gelişimi Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Uyuşturucu madde kullanan ve kullanmayan çocuklar arasındaki farklılıkların tespiti için t-test ve ki-kare yöntemlerinden yararlanılmış; uyuşturucu madde kullanma nedenlerinin yordanmasında ise lojistik regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Suç öyküsüne sahip olmayan lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinde uyuşturucu madde kullanımı ailede uyuşturucu madde kullanan birey olması, riskli davranışlara sahip arkadaşların bulunması, sigara kullanımı, çevrenin fiziksel özellikleri tarafından yordanmaktayken; suç öyküsü olan çocuklarda ise riskli davranışlara sahip arkadaşların bulunması, ailede suç öyküsü olan bireyin varlığı, alkol kullanma ve kendine zarar verme davranışı tarafından yordanmaktadır. Tüm grupta ise elde edilen sonuçlara göre cinsiyet, okulu terk etme, uyuşturucu madde kullanan veya suça sürüklenen arkadaşların bulunması; arkadaşların uygun davranış modelleri; problem davranışta olumsuz arkadaş modelleri ve sigara kullanmanın uyuşturucu madde kullanımı üzerinde yordayıcı gücü olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çocuk ve gençlerin yaşadıkları çevrelerde tahkim ettikleri arkadaş gruplarına ulaşılmalı ve grup dinamiklerine yönelik önleyici çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Özellikle riskli davranış gösteren arkadaş gruplarının toplumsal norm ve değerleri içselleştirebilmesi adına gençlik merkezleri veya yerel boyutta gençlik evleri kurularak boş zamanlarını değerlendirmeleri sağlanmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Problem davranış; uyuşturucu madde kullanımı; koruyucu faktörler; risk faktörleri; suça sürüklenen çocuk
Objective: In recent years, the use of drugs has increased between children. The causal comperative research model was used in this study to determine the risk factors for drug use behavior of children and the protective factors that have potential to buffer or to prevent problem behavior. The students who have been enrolling to the state high school (n=106) and private universities (n=206), children and young adults who have been participating juvenile probation programs in İstanbul and Anatolian Probation Directorates (n=121) and juveniles who have been adjudicating (n=134) in İstanbul Courthouse Juvenile Courts and Juvenile Courts for Heavy Crimes were selected by using non-probability sampling model. Material and Methods: In this study, Adolescent Health and Development Questionnare was used. The questionnare consists of 332 questions in total, which measures personality, perceived environment and behavioral systems in the context of values, beliefs, attitudes and expectations of children. t-test and chi-square methods were used to determine differences between drug users and non-drug users. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the causes of drug use. Results: Drug use in high school and university students, who do not have a crime history, predicted by whether a family member who use drug, having friends with risky behaviors, smoking and characteristics of physical environment. On the other hand drug use in juveniles predicted by whether having friends with risky behaviors, family member who have crime history, drinking alcohol and self-mutilation behavior. In combined group gender, school dropout, having drug abusers or delinquent friend; prosocial behavior models among friends; the presence of problem behaviors among friends, and the regular use of cigarettes were found major predictors of drug use. Conclusion: Preventive efforts should be made to reach out to the groups of friends in their environments where children and young people live and develop their own group dynamics.In order to internalize social norms and values, especially groups of friends with risky behaviors should be provided with the establishment of youth centers or local youth homes to make use of their free time.
Keywords: Problem behavior; drug use; protective factors; risk factors; juvenile delinquency
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