İlk olarak 2019 yılının Aralık ayında Çin'in Wuhan kentinde pnömoni semptomları ile başvuran bir grup hastada tanımlanan, vaka sayısı tüm dünyada giderek artan ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilen koronavirüs-19'un (COVID-19) kliniği asemptomatik durum ile ölümcül pnömoni arasında değişmektedir. COVID-19, tüm vücut sistemlerini şiddetli düzeyde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca; tablonun yaşlı, kanser tanılı, immün sistemi baskılanmış, hipertansiyon, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı, astım gibi kronik hastalıkları olan bireylerde daha kötü seyrettiği ve bu bireylerin mortalite için yüksek risk taşıdığı bildirilmektedir. Kronik hastalıkların COVID-19 prognozuna etkisinin yanı sıra COVID-19 enfeksiyonu da mevcut kronik durumların alevlenmesine veya sistemler üzerinde akut ve kronik komplikasyonlara neden olabilmektedir. Tüm dünyayı etkileyen COVID-19 pandemisinde viral enfeksiyonun kardiyovasküler sistem üzerinde akut ve kronik etkileri konusunda daha fazla bilgiye gereksinim duyulduğu ve gelecek araştırmalarda bu konunun ele alınması gerektiğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkemizde gün geçtikçe vaka sayısı ve mortalite oranı artan COVID-19 ve kardiyovasküler hastalık arasındaki ilişki ile COVID-19'un kardiyovasküler sistem üzerine etkileri hakkında bilgi sunmaktır. Ayrıca, semptom yükü oldukça fazla ve organ hasarıyla ilişkili komplikasyon riski yüksek COVID-19 hastalarının bakımında önemli konulara dikkat çekilerek holistik hemşirelik bakımının gelişmesine katkı verilebileceği öngörülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik; kardiyovasküler sistem; koronavirüs; pandemi
The clinical prognosis of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19), which was first identified in a group of patients presenting with pneumonia symptoms in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the number of cases is increasing all over the world and declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, varies between asymptomatic status and deadly pneumonia. Infection of the COVID-19 strongly affect all body systems. It is emphasized that the prognosis of the virus is worse in elderly, patients with cancer and individuals with chronic diseases such as hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma and poses a high risk for mortality. In addition to the effect of chronic diseases on the prognosis of COVID-19, COVID-19 infection may cause exacerbation of existing chronic conditions or acute and chronic complications on systems. COVID-19 pandemic affects the whole world, thus more awareness is needed about the acute and chronic effects of viral infection on the cardiovascular system, and this issue should be addressed in future research. The purpose of this review is to provide information on the relationship between COVID- 19 and cardiovascular diseases and the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. In addition, a holistic approach in nursing care is an important requirement for COVID-19 patients, whose symptom burden and risk of complications associated with organ damage are quite high. This review may contribute to the development of nursing care by taking attention to important issues to be followed in the care of COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: Nursing; cardiovascular system; coronavirus; pandemic
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