Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) olan bireylerde semptom şiddetinin öz bakım gücü ile ilişkisinde yorgunluğun aracılık rolünün araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma 1 Mayıs-1 Eylül 2024 tarihlerinde, analitik tasarımda 240 hasta ile tamamlandı. Örneklem sayısına evreni bilinen örneklem hesabına göre karar verildi. Veriler etik kurul izni alındıktan sonra hasta bilgi formu, Medikal Araştırma Kurulu Ölçeği [Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC)] dispne skalası, KOAH değerlendirme testi [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT)], KOAH Astım Yorgunluk Ölçeği (KAYÖ) ve Öz Bakım Gücü Ölçeği (ÖBGÖ) ile toplandı. Analizler SPSS 25 paket programında Process Macro V4.2'de model 4 ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Hastaların ölçek puan ortalamaları mMRC=2,02±0,70, CAT=21,35±5,60, KAYÖ= 38,91±12,82 ve ÖBGÖ=75,69±8,85 bulundu. Kurulan model anlamlı bulundu (p<0,001) ve modele göre KOAH semptom şiddeti yorgunluğun %67,0'ını açıkladı. Semptom şiddetindeki bir birimlik artış, yorgunluğu β=1,87 kat artırırken, öz bakım gücünü β=-0,46 kat azalttı (p<0,001). Yorgunluk öz bakım gücü üzerinde anlamlı etki oluşturmadı (p=0,120). Aracı model analizine göre, semptom şiddetinin öz bakım gücü üzerindeki etkisinde yorgunluğun aracılık rolü olmadığı tespit edildi (LLCI=-0,33; ULCI=0,07). Sonuç: Hastaların orta-şiddetli dispne yaşadığı ve KOAH semptom şiddetinin orta düzeyde olduğu ortaya çıktı. Ayrıca yorgunluk hafif düzeyde, öz bakım gücü ise ortalama üstünde bulundu. Semptom şiddetinin artması yorgunluğun artmasına neden olurken, öz bakım gücünün azalmasına yol açtı. Yorgunluk modelde aracı etki göstermedi. Hemşirelerin semptom şiddetini kontrol etmede hastaya rehberlik etmesi ve semptomların daha kısa sürede giderilmesi için gerekli müdahaleleri planlaması önerilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı; semptom; öz bakım; yorgunluk
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of fatigue in the relationship between symptom severity and selfcare agency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Material and Methods: The study was carried out from May 1 to September 1, 2024, with 240 patients in a analytical study. The sample size was calculated by using a known population sample calculation. The data were collected with patient information form, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), COPD and Asthma Fatigue Scale (CAFS), and Self Care Agency Scale (SCAS) after obtaining ethics committee approval. The analyses were analyzed with model 4 in Process Macro V4.2 in the SPSS 25 package program. Results: The patients' mean scale scores were found as mMRC=2.02±0.70, CAT=21.35±5.60, CAFS= 38.91±12.82, and SCAS=75.69±8.85. The model was significant (p<0.001) and according to the model, COPD symptom severity explained 67.0% of fatigue. A one-unit increase in symptom severity increased fatigue β=1.87-fold and decreased self-care agency β=-0.46-fold (p<0.001). Fatigue had no significant effect on self-care agency (p=0.120). According to mediator model analysis, fatigue did not mediate the effect of symptom severity on self-care agency (LLCI=- 0.33; ULCI=0.07). Conclusion: Patients experienced moderate-to-severe dyspnea, and COPD symptom severity was found to be moderate. Moreover, fatigue was mild, and self-care agency was above average. Increased symptom severity led to increased fatigue and decreased selfcare agency. Fatigue did not show a mediating effect in the model. It is recommended that nurses guide the patient in controlling symptom severity and plan the necessary interventions to relieve symptoms in a shorter time.
Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; symptom; self care; fatigue
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