Kanser, günümüzde hâlâ önemini koruyan ciddi hastalıkların başında gelmektedir. Geçmiş yıllardan günümüze gelene kadar kansere yönelik birçok tedavi yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Son yıllarda geliştirilen tedavi yöntemlerinden biri de immünoterapi yöntemi olmuştur. İmmünoterapi yöntemi içerisinde değerlendirilen kimerik antijen reseptörü T [chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T)] hücre tedavisi, kanser tedavisi üzerinde çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu tedavi yöntemi, hastanın doğal bağışıklık sisteminde bulunan T hücrelerinin kullanılmasıyla geliştirilmiştir. Hastadan alından T hücrelerinin genetik olarak tasarlanmasıyla CAR-T hücreleri oluşturulur. Genetik olarak tasarlanmış bu CAR-T hücreleri, herhangi bir antijene karşı yönlendirilebilir ve hedef tümör hücrelerini öldürme yeteneği artırılabilir. CAR-T hücreleri kendi içerisinde 5 nesle ayrılmaktadır. Birinci nesilden 5. nesle doğru gidildikçe CAR-T hücrelerinin tedavi kapsamı ve etki gücü genişlemektedir. CAR-T hücre tedavisi, Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi tarafından ''çığır açan terapi'' olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Günümüzde, özellikle kanser alanında kullanılan bir tedavi yöntemi olsa da ilerleyen yıllarda diğer birçok hastalığın tedavisi için de kullanılabileceği ön görülmektedir. Kanserler içerisinde CART hücre tedavisi daha çok akut lenfoblastik lösemi, kronik lenfositik lösemi, lenfoma (lenf kanseri), multipl miyeloma (kemik iliği kanseri) dâhil olmak üzere hematolojik kanserlerin tedavisinde kullanılmıştır. Yeni gelişen bir tedavi olması ve zorlu prosedürlerinin olması sebebiyle CAR-T hücre tedavisinin maliyeti günümüzde fazladır. Gelecekte beşerî hekimlikten sonra veteriner hekimlikteki kanser tedavilerinde kendine yer bulabilecek bir tedavi yöntemidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: CAR-T; kimerik antijen reseptörü; T hücresi
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases that still maintain its importance today. Many treatment methods for cancer have been developed from the past to the present day. One of the treatment methods developed in recent years has been the method of immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy, which is evaluated within the immunotherapy method, has a very important place in cancer treatment. This treatment method has been developed by using T cells found in the patient's innate immune system. CAR-T cells are created by genetically designing T cells taken from the patient. These genetically engineered CAR-T cells can be directed against any antigen and increase the ability to kill target tumor cells. CAR-T cells are divided into 5 generations. As we move from the 1st generation to the 5th generation, the treatment scope and potency of CAR-T cells expand. CAR-T cell therapy has been described as a ''breakthrough therapy'' by the US Food and Drug Administration. Although it is a treatment method used especially in the field of cancer today, it is predicted that it can be used for the treatment of many other diseases in the coming years. Among cancers, CAR-T cell therapy has mostly been used in the treatment of hematological cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma (lymph cancer), multiple myeloma (bone marrow cancer). The cost of CAR-T cell therapy is high today, as it is a newly developed treatment and has difficult procedures. It is a treatment method that can find a place in cancer treatments in veterinary medicine after human medicine in the future.
Keywords: CAR-T; chimeric antigen receptor; T cell
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