Tromboembolik hastalıklar, hayvanlarda ve özellikle kedi ve köpeklerde hayati risk oluşturan patolojik bozukluklardır. Antitrombotik ilaçlar, trombozun oluşumu ve genişlemesini önlemek için kullanılırken, trombolitik (fibrinolitik) ilaçlar oluşan pıhtıyı eritmek için kullanılır. Tromboz riskli kedi ve köpeklerde hangi grup antitrombotik ilacın ve uygulanacak dozaj rejiminin belirlenmesi klinik açıdan önem taşımaktadır. Antiplatelet ilaçlardan aspirin, klopidogrel, tiklopidin, antikoagülan ilaçlardan varfarin, heparin, düşük molekül ağırlıklı heparinler ve rivaroksaban ile fibrinolitik ilaçlardan streptokinaz kedi ve köpeklerde en sık kullanılan antitrombotik ilaçlardır. Arteriyel tromboembolizm tedavisinde antiplateletler önerilirken, venöz tromboembolizm vakalarında antikoagülanlar önerilmektedir. Bazı arteriyel tromboembolizm vakalarında ise antiplatelet ve antikoagülan ilaçlarla kombine tedavi tercih edilmektedir. Ayrıca, antitrombotik tedavinin izlenmesi, ilacın klinik etkinliğini ve istenmeyen etkilerini belirlemek için çok önemlidir. Terapötik ilaç takibi, özellikle antikoagülan ilaçlardan varfarin ve heparin gibi ilaçlar için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, antitrombotik ilaçların kedi ve köpeklerde kullanımı, bu alandaki mevcut bilgi ve çalışmalar ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Kedi ve köpeklerde çeşitli patofizyolojik olguların tetiklediği ve ciddi sağlık problemlerine yol açabilen trombozun önlenmesinde kullanılan antitrombotik ilaçların etkin ve güvenli kullanımı için ilave çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Tromboz; kedi; köpek; antitrombotik ilaçlar
Thromboembolic diseases are pathological disorders that are life-threatening in animals, especially in cats and dogs. Antithrombotic drugs are used to prevent the formation and extend of thrombosis, while thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) drugs are used to dissolve the clot. It is clinically important to determine group of antithrombotic drugs and dosing regimens to be administered in cats and dogs with thrombosis risk. Among the antiplatelet drugs aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, among the anticoagulant drugs warfarin, heparin and low molecular weight heparins, rivaroxaban and from the fibrinolytic drugs streptokinase is the most commonly used antithrombotic drug in cats and dogs. Antiplatelet agents are recommended for the treatment of arterial thromboembolism, while anticoagulants are recommended in cases of venous thromboembolism. In some cases of arterial thromboembolism, combined therapy with antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs is preferred. Also monitoring antithrombotic therapy is very important to determine the clinical efficiency and adverse effects of the drug. Therapeutic drug monitoring is especially used for anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin and heparin. In this review, the usage of antithrombotic drugs in cats and dogs has been evaluated in the light of current knowledge and studies in this field. It is understood that various studies are needed for the effective and safe use of antithrombotic drugs used in the prevention of thrombosis, which can be triggered by various pathophysiological phenomena in cats and dogs and may cause serious health problems.
Keywords: Thrombosis; cat; dog; antithrombotic drugs
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