Dünyada ve ülkemizde kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ileri tedavi ve bakım gerektiren, sık hastaneye yatışlara sebep olabilen ve komplikasyonlarla ilerleyebilen önemli bir sağlık problemidir. Hemşirelerin hastalığın alevlenmesi, ilerlemesi ve/veya komplikasyonların meydana gelmesini önlemede önemli sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Kardiyovasküler hastalıkların günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri gözden geçirildiğinde, birçok hasta hastalığın alevlenmesini önlemek, semptom kontrolünü sağlamak ve komplikasyonları önlemek amacıyla tamamlayıcı ve integratif terapi yöntemlerini kullanmaktadır. Kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan bireylerin hastalığa bağlı yaşadığı problemler, semptomlar ve onların maliyeti dikkate alındığında, tamamlayıcı ve integratif terapi yöntemlerinin kardiyovasküler hastalık semptomlarını ve komplikasyonları azaltmada uygulamasının kolay, maliyeti az ve özellikle hasta memnuniyeti açısından etkin uygulamaları içerdiği dikkat çekmektedir. Literatür incelendiğinde, çalışmalarda bazı tamamlayıcı ve integratif terapi yöntemleri ile ilgili kanıtlar olmasına rağmen bazıları konusunda henüz yeterli düzeyde kanıt bulunmamaktadır. Tamamlayıcı ve integratif terapi yöntemlerinin kardiyovasküler hastalığın ilerlemesini geciktirdiği ve/veya mortaliteyi azaltmada etkili olduğu tanımlanırsa bu yöntemlere yönelimin daha da artacağı düşünülmektedir. Hastaların tıbbi öyküsüne ek olarak tamamlayıcı ve integratif terapi uygulamaları açısından da belirlenmeleri bu uygulamalardan dolayı gelişebilecek yan etki ve maliyeti azaltacaktır. Bu sebeple; hemşireler, bireylerin gereksinimlerini değerlendirirken açık ve etkili iletişim kurmalı, inançlarını, gelenek, göreneklerini ve alışkanlıklarını açıkça ifade etmesini sağlamalı, tamamlayıcı ve integratif terapi uygulama durumlarını değerlendirmeli, faydaları ile gelişebilecek yan etkileri açısından hastalarını bilgilendirmelidir. Hemşireler kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan bireylerde tamamlayıcı ve integratif terapi kullanımı hakkında detaylı bilgi sahibi olmalı, kanıta dayalı uygulamalar konusunda araştırma yapmalı ve bu kanıt düzeylerine göre bireylere göre eğitim ve danışmanlık hizmeti sağlamalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kardiyovasküler hemşirelik; tamamlayıcı ve integratif terapiler; kanıta dayalı uygulamalar
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important health problem in the world and in our country, requiring advanced treatment and care, causing frequent hospitalizations and progressing with complications. Nurses have important responsibilities in preventing disease exacerbation, progression and/or complications. When the effects of CVDs on daily living activities and quality of life are reviewed, many patients use complementary and integrative therapy (CIT) methods to prevent exacerbation of the disease, provide symptom control and prevent complications. Considering the problems, symptoms and costs experienced by individuals with CVD due to the disease, it is noteworthy that CIT methods are easy to apply, low-cost and especially effective in terms of patient satisfaction in reducing CVD symptoms and complications. When the literature is examined, although there is evidence about some CIT methods in studies, there is not yet sufficient evidence for some of them. If it is determined that CIT methods delay the progression of CVD and/or are effective in reducing mortality, it is thought that the tendency towards these methods will increase even more. Determining patients in terms of CIT applications in addition to their medical history will reduce the side effects and costs that may develop due to these applications. For this reason, nurses should communicate openly and effectively when evaluating the needs of individuals, ensure that they clearly express their beliefs, traditions, customs and habits, evaluate CIT application situations, and inform their patients about its benefits and possible side effects. Nurses should have detailed information about the use of CIT in individuals with CVD, conduct research on evidence-based practices, and provide training and consultancy services to individuals according to these evidence levels.
Keywords: Cardiovascular nursing; complementary and integrative therapies; evidence-based practices
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