Sirkadiyen sistem, besin alımı ve enerji harcaması dâhil olmak üzere enerji homeostazını düzenlemektedir. Krono-beslenme, endojen sirkadiyen ritim ve metabolizma arasındaki yakın ilişkiyi temel alan ve gelişmekte olan yeni bir disiplindir. Bu derlemede, besin alımı ve beslenme düzenlerinin, sirkadiyen sistemler yoluyla kardiyometabolik sağlık üzerindeki etkilerinin açığa çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Kronobeslenme, yeme davranışının zamanlama, sıklık ve düzenlilik olmak üzere 3 boyutunu kapsamaktadır. Uyku düzeni, açlık/beslenme döngüleri ve aydınlık/karanlık döngüsü arasında gerçekleşen sirkadiyen bozulma, glukoz, lipid metabolizması ve fizyolojik durumları olumsuz etkileyerek, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için bir risk faktörü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Krono-beslenme alanında yapılan çalışmaların çoğunluğu, öğün zamanlaması ve sıklığına odaklanmıştır. Buna ilişkin olarak, kahvaltıyı atlamak, akşamları daha yüksek enerjili öğünler tüketmek gibi öğün zamanlama modellerinin, aşırı kiloluluk veya obezite riski ve bireylerde olumsuz metabolik etkiler ile bağlantılı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yetersiz ve kalitesiz uyku, kardiyometabolik sağlık için risk faktörüdür. Yetersiz uykunun, vücudun ritimlerini bozduğu ve bozulan ritimlerin, artan besin alımı ve düzensiz beslenme profillerine neden olduğu açıklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; beslenme, uyku ve sirkadiyen ritimler arasında birbirini etkileyen döngüler bulunmakta olup, bu döngüler arasında henüz açığa çıkarılmamış mekanizma ve yolaklar olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Krono-beslenme ve kardiyometabolik sağlık arasındaki etkileşimi anlamak için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sirkadiyen ritim; uyku; beslenme durumu
Circadian system regulates energy homeostasis, including nutrient intake and energy expenditure. Chrononutrition is a novel developing discipline based on the close relationship between endogenous circadian rhythm and metabolism. In this review, it was aimed to reveal the effects of nutritional intake and diet on cardiometabolic heath through circadian systems. Chrononutrition covers 3 dimensions of eating behaviour: timing, frequency and regularity. Sleep patterns are defined as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases because of circadian disruption, glucose and lipid metabolism and physiological conditions that occur betwen hunger/feeding cycles and light/dark cycles. The most of studies about chrononutrition focused on meal timing and frequency. Regarding this, meal timing patterns such as skipping breakfast or higher energy intake in the evening might be linked to the risk of overweight/obesity and negative metabolic effects on individuals. Insufficient and poor quality sleep is risk factor for cardiometabolic health. It has been explained that inadequate sleep disrupts the rhythms of body, and deteriorated rhythms cause increased nutritional intake and irregular feeding profiles. It has been explained that inadequate sleep disrupts the rhythms of body, and deteriorated rhythms cause increased nutritional intake and irregular feeding profiles. In conclusion, there are cycles that affect between nutrition, sleep and circadian rhythm. It has been suggested that there are mechanisms and pathways that have not yet been revealed among the cycles. More research is required to understand the interaction between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic health.
Keywords: Circadian rhythm; sleep; nutritional status
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