Bu sistematik derlemenin amacı, multidisipliner bir kardiyak rehabilitasyon programının kanıta dayalı bir yaklaşım olduğunu ortaya koymak için literatürü sistematik olarak gözden geçirmek ve araştırmaların bir araya getirilmesini sağlamaktır. Sistematik derlemede, 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols' bildirgesi rehber alınmıştır. Araştırma stratejisinde Embase, ScienceDirect, PEDro, Cochrane, Scopus veri tabanları kullanılmıştır. Veri tabanları 1997 yılından 25/02/2021 tarihine kadar İngilizce randomize kontrollü çalışmalar için taranmıştır. Yapılan taramalarda 'kalp hastalıkları (cardiac diseases), kardiyak rehabilitasyon (cardiac rehabilitation), kardiyak rehabilitasyon programı (cardiac rehabilitation program), multidisipliner (multidisciplinary)' anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Derleme; kalp hastalıklarında multidisipliner bir kardiyak rehabilitasyon programı içeren, toplam 4.519 katılımcıyla kanıt değeri yüksek olan 16 randomize kontrollü çalışmayı tanımlamıştır. Bu çalışmalar doğrultusunda, kardiyak rehabilitasyonun kanıta dayalı bir yaklaşım olduğu ve kanıta dayalı yönlerinin; mortalite, morbidite, yaşam kalitesi, egzersiz kapasitesi, kardiyak risk faktörleri, hastaneye yatış ve psikolojik durum olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kardiyak rehabilitasyon programı; egzersiz, sağlık davranışı değişikliği ve eğitim, risk faktörleriyle ilgili yaşam tarzı yönetimi, psikososyal sağlık, tıbbi risk yönetimi, uzun vadeli stratejiler, denetim ve değerlendirmeyi içeren temel bileşenleri kapsamaktadır. Bu derlemeye, temel bileşenleri içeren kardiyak rehabilitasyon programlarının yer aldığı randomize kontrollü çalışmalar dâhil edilmiş ve bu çalışmalarda hastaların kardiyak rehabilitasyondan yararlanmalarını sağlamak amacıyla kapsamlı kardiyak rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin önemi ve klinik yararlılığı vurgulanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kardiyovasküler sistem; kardiyak rehabilitasyon; egzersiz
This study aims to systematically review the literature and gather academic texts to demonstrate that a multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation program is an evidence-based approach. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols was taken into account as a guidebook in the systematic review. In this direction, six electronic databases were used in the search strategy. These are: Embase, ScienceDirect, PEDro, Cochrane, and Scopus. The data bases were screened for randomized controlled studies in the English language from 1997 to 25/02/2021. The following keywords were searched in the screenings: cardiac disease, cardiac rehabilitation, cardiac rehabilitation program, and multidisciplinary. The review identified 16 randomized controlled studies with high evidence value, and they consisted of 4,519 participants, including a multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation program in heart diseases. In the light of these studies, it is clearly understood that cardiac rehabilitation is an evidence-based approach. Its evidence-based aspects were also detected as mortality, morbidity, quality of life, exercise capacity, cardiac risk factors, hospitalization, and psychological status. The cardiac rehabilitation program covers the main components, including exercise, health behavior change and education, lifestyle management related to risk factors, psychosocial health, medical risk management, long-term strategies, supervision and evaluation. Randomized controlled studies covering cardiac rehabilitation programs involving key components were added in this review. The importance of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation services was emphasized to enable patients to benefit from cardiac rehabilitation in these studies.
Keywords: Cardiovascular system; cardiac rehabilitation; exercise
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