Amaç: Karaciğer hastalıklarının hemşirelik bakım sürecinde telesağlık uygulamaları kullanılmaktadır. Bu sistematik derlemenin amacı karaciğer hastalıklarının yönetiminde telesağlık uygulamalarının etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 30 Temmuz-10 Ağustos 2018 tarihleri arasında Ulakbim Ulusal Veri Tabanı, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, Medline, CINAHL veri tabanlarında ?karaciğer hastalığı, karaciğer sirozu, telesağlık, mobil uygulama, semptom yönetimi, yaşam kalitesi? anahtar kelimeleriyle tarama yapılmıştır. Tarama sonucunda 386 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Örneklemini 18 yaş ve üzeri karaciğer hastalarının oluşturduğu, telesağlık uygulamalarının etkinliğinin değerlendirildiği, Türkçe veya İngilizce dilinde deneysel çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Tam metnine ulaşılan, dili İngilizce olan 14 deneysel çalışma bu sistematik derlemeye dâhil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaların örneklem sayısı 19-38.753 arasında değişmektedir. Telesağlık uygulamalarının; siroz hastalarında komplikasyon gelişmesini, tekrarlı yatışları azalttığı, hepatik ensefalopatinin tanılanmasında etkili olduğu; hepatit olan bireylerde yaşam kalitesini, tedaviye uyumu artırdığı, antiviral tedavinin yan etkilerini azalttığı; nonalkolik karaciğer yağlanması olan bireylerde karaciğer enzim düzeylerinin normale dönmesine yardımcı olduğu, sağlıklı beslenme davranışını ve fiziksel aktivite öz etkililiğini artırdığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: Telesağlık uygulamaları karaciğer hastalıklarının yönetiminde etkilidir. Bireylerin semptomlarının erken dönemde saptanmasına ve uzaktan yönetilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Hemşireler, karaciğer hastalarının bakımında telesağlık uygulamalarını kullanarak sürekli ve uzaktan izlemle hastalık yönetimini sürdürülebilir hâle getirmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik; karaciğer hastalıkları; teletıp
Objective: Telehealth interventions are used in the nursing care process of liver diseases. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the effect of telehealth interventions in the management of liver diseases. Material and Methods: Literature review has been done between 30 July-10 August 2018 in Ulakbim National Database, Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, Medline, CINAHL? databases using the keywords ?Liver disease, cirrhosis, telehealth, smartphone application, symptom management, quality of life?. 386 articles were obtained in the database. Experimental studies in Turkish or English in which evaluating effect of telehealth interventions in management of liver disease were included in the study. 14 original full text studies in English were included in the systematic review. Results: The sample number of studies ranged between 19 and 38.753. Telehealth interventions have decreased complications, hospitalization and increased diagnose of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients. It has increased quality of life, compliance of treatment, decreased side effects of anti-viral treatment in patients with hepatitis. It has been shown that it helps normalize liver enzyme levels and increases healthy eating behavior and physical activity self efficacy. Conclusion: Telehealth interventions are effective in the management of liver diseases. It helps the early detection and management of symptoms via remotely. Nurses should use of telehealth interventions in the care of liver patients and disease management sustainable through continuous and remote monitoring.
Keywords: Nursing; liver diseases; telemedicine
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