Obezite, vücutta artmış yağ birikimiyle tanımlanan kronik bir hastalıktır. Obezite tedavisinde tıbbi beslenme tedavisi ve yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri tedavinin esas basamağını oluşturmaktadır. Ancak, son yıllarda obezite tedavisini destekleyecek etmenlerin belirlenmesinin obezite tedavisinde başarıyı artırabileceği öngörülmektedir. Kahve, yüksek orandaki fenolik bileşen ve kafein içeriğinden dolayı bu destekleyici faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Kahve (Rubiaceae familyası, Coffea cinsi), genellikle tropikal iklimlerde yetişmekte olan bir bitki olup, bu bitkinin meyvelerinin çekirdeklerinden üretilen kahve içecek olarak tüketilmekte ve dünyada en çok tüketilen içecekler arasında yer almaktadır. Kahve, antioksidan bileşenlerden başta klorojenik asit esterlerinden kafeik asit ve kinik asit açısından zengin, kafein içeriği yüksek bir içecektir. Bu bileşiminin katkısıyla sağlık üzerine olumlu etkiler göstermektedir. Güncel veriler kahvenin adipozitenin baskılanması ve vücut ağırlığının azalması üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğunu bildirmektedir. Kahve ve kahve bileşenlerinin obezite üzerine olumlu etkilerini gösterdiği olası mekanizmalar, genlerin modülasyonu yoluyla yağ asidi β-oksidasyonunu, lipolitik ve termojenik etki, kahverengi yağ dokunun aktivasyonu, peroksizom proliferatör aktifleştirici reseptör-γ ekspresyonunun uyarılması şeklindedir. Hayvan çalışmaları, tamamına yakınında kahvenin obezite üzerine olumlu etkilerini rapor ederken, insan çalışmalarının çoğunda olumlu etki, bir kısmında ise olumsuz etkiler saptanmıştır. Ancak insan çalışmalarının gözlemsel nitelikte olması, doza bağımlı sorgulama yapılmaması, kahve türüne dair özel sorgulama yapılmaması öneri geliştirmeyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut çalışmaların derlenmesi ve güncel verilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kafein; kahve; klorojenik asit; obezite; vücut ağırlığı
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive or abnormal fat accumulation in the body. Medical nutrition therapy and lifestyle changes are the mainstay in obesity treatment. However, in recent years, determining the factors that support obesity treatment may increase the success of obesity treatment. Coffee is one of these supportive therapies due to its high content of phenolic compounds and caffeine. Coffee (Rubiaceae family, Coffea genus) is a plant that grows in tropical climates which is rich in chlorogenic acid esters, caffeic acid, cinnic acid, and caffeine. It has positive effects on health with the contribution of this composition. Recent data suggest that coffee has positive effects on suppression of adiposity and reduction in body weight. The possible mechanisms by that coffee and coffee constituents demonstrate positive effects on obesity include fatty acid β-oxidation by modulation of genes, lipolytic and thermogenic effect, activation of brown fat tissue, and stimulation of peroxisome proliferating activator receptor-γ expression. Almost all animal studies have reported the positive effects of coffee on obesity, whereas in most human studies positive effects have been identified and in some others negative effects. However, the fact that human studies are observational, no dose-dependent questioning, and no specific questioning about the type of coffee makes it difficult to develop suggestions. In this study, it is aimed to compile the current studies and present the current data.
Keywords: Caffeine; coffee; chlorogenic acid; obesity; body weight
- Pozza C, Isidor AM. What's behind the obesity epidemic. In: Laghi A, Rengo M, eds. Imaging in Bariatric Surgery. 1st ed. Cham: Springer, International Publishing; 2018. p.1-8. [Crossref]
- Sutin AR, Boutelle K, Czajkowski SM, Epel ES, Green PA, Hunter CM, et al. Accumulating data to optimally predict obesity treatment (ADOPT) core measures: psychosocial domain. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26 Suppl 2:S45-54. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Rao SP, Krishnamurthy V. Herbal approach for the management of obesity-A review. Int J Pure App Biosci. 2018;6(1):147-58. [Crossref]
- Halvorsen BL, Carlsen MH, Phillips KM, Bøhn SK, Holte K, Jacobs DR, et al. Content of redox-active compounds (i.e. antioxidants) in foods consumed in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(1):95-135. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bonita JS, Mandarano M, Shuta D, Vinson J. Coffee and cardiovascular disease: in vitro, cellular, animal, and human studies. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55(3):187-98. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Choi BK, Park SB, Lee DR, Lee HJ, Jin YY, Yang SH, et al. Green coffee bean extract improves obesity by decreasing body fat in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2016;9(7):635-43. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Saab S, Mallam D, Cox Li GA, Tong MJ. Impact of coffee on liver diseases: a systematic review. Liver Int. 2014;34(4):495-504. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- O'Keefe JH, Bhatti SK, Patil HR, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lucan SC, Lavie CJ. Effects of habitual coffee consumption on cardiometabolic disease, cardiovascular health, and all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(12):1043-51. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Panchal SK, Poudyal H, Iyer A, Nazer R, Alam A, Diwan V, et al. High-carbohydrate high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular remodeling in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2011;57(1):51-64. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Nilsson C, Raun K, Yan FF, Larsen MO, Tang-Christensen M. Laboratory animals as surrogate models of human obesity. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2012;33(2):173-81. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Speakman J, Hambly C, Mitchell S, Król E. The contribution of animal models to the study of obesity. Lab Anim. 2008;42(4):413-32. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Sözlü S, Yılmaz B, Acar Tek N. [Coffee consumption and relation with some diseases]. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2017;8(2):33-9.
- Cano-Marquina A, Tarín JJ, Cano A. The impact of coffee on health. Maturitas. 2013;75(1):7-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gonzalez de Mejia E, Ramirez-Mares MV. Impact of caffeine and coffee on our health. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014;25(10):489-92. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine. EFSA J. 2015;13(5). [Crossref]
- Camandola S, Plick N, Mattson MP. Impact of coffee and cacao purine metabolites on neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative disease. Neurochem Res. 2019;44(1):214-27. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Shin H, Linton JA, Kwon Y, Jung Y, Oh B, Oh S. Relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: data from the 2013-2014 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Korean J Fam Med. 2017;38(6):346-51. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Takami H, Nakamoto M, Uemura H, Katsuura S, Yamaguchi M, Hiyoshi M, et al. Inverse correlation between coffee consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome: baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study in Tokushima, Japan. J Epidemiol. 2013;23(1):12-20. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Demirtas C, Ofluoğlu E, Hussein A, Paşaoğlu H. Efects of caffeine on oxidant-antioxidant mechanisms in the rat liver. Gazi Med J. 2012;23(1):13-8. [Crossref]
- Akash MS, Rehman K, Rehman K, Chen S. Effects of coffee on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition. 2014;30(7-8):755-63. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Cowan TE, Palmnäs MS, Yang J, Bomhof MR, Ardell KL, Reimer RA, et al. Chronic coffee consumption in the diet-induced obese rat: impact on gut microbiota and serum metabolomics. J Nutr Biochem. 2014;25(4):489-95. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Uzogara SG. Obesity epidemic, medical and quality of life consequences: a review. Int J Public Health Res. 2017;5(1):1-12.
- Cho AS, Jeon SM, Kim MJ, Yeo J, Seo KI, Choi MS, et al. Chlorogenic acid exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(3):937-43. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Panchal SK, Poudyal H, Waanders J, Brown L. Coffee extract attenuates changes in cardiovascular and hepatic structure and function without decreasing obesity in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed male rats. J Nutr. 2012;142(4):690-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Shimoda H, Seki E, Aitani M. Inhibitory effect of green coffee bean extract on fat accumulation and body weight gain in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006;6:9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Abdel Raoof F, Mohamed KY, Mohamed KM. Phytochemical evaluation, anti-obesity and antihyperlipidemic effects of combined administration of green coffee, cinnamon and ginger. Plant. 2017;5(5):80-4. [Crossref]
- Mazzone G, Lembo V, D'Argenio G, Vitaglione P, Rossi A, Guarino M, et al. Decaffeinated coffee consumption induces expression of tight junction proteins in high fat diet fed rats. Funct Food Health Dis. 2016;6(9):602-11. [Crossref]
- Huang CC, Tung YT, Huang WC, Chen YM, Hsu YJ, Hsu M. Beneficial effects of cocoa, coffee, green tea, and garcinia complex supplement on diet induced obesity in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;12(16):100. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Kim JH, Park YS. Light coffee consumption is protective against sarcopenia, but frequent coffee consumption is associated with obesity in Korean adults. Nutr Res. 2017;41:97-102. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Nordestgaard AT, Thomsen M, Nordestgaard BG. Coffee intake and risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(2):551-65. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lee CB, Yu SH, Kim NY, Kim SM, Kim SR, Oh SJ, et al. Association between coffee consumption and circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin. J Med Food. 2017;20(11):1068-75. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Micek A, Topor-Mądry R, Pikhart H, Szafraniec K, et al. Association of daily coffee and tea consumption and metabolic syndrome: results from the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54(7):1129-37. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Nurwanti E, Bai CH. A population-based study of sedentary behavior, coffee and caffeine intake, education level associated with obesity risk among young adult. P Nutr Soc. 2018;77(OCE4):(E184). [Crossref]
- Grosso G, Marventano S, Galvano F, Pajak A, Mistretta A. Factors associated with metabolic syndrome in a mediterranean population: role of caffeinated beverages. J Epidemiol. 2014;24(4):327-33. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Balk L, Hoekstra T, Twisk J. Relationship between long-term coffee consumption and components of the metabolic syndrome: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(4):203-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Arciero PJ, Bougopoulas CL, Nindl BC, Benowitz NL. Influence of age on the thermic response to caffeine in women. Metabolism. 2000;49(1):101-7. [Crossref]
- Haidari F, Samadi M, Mohammadshahi M, Jalali MT, Engali KA. Energy restriction combined with green coffee bean extract affects serum adipocytokines and the body composition in obese women. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017;26(6):1048-54.
- Lopez-Garcia E, Guallar-Castillon P, Leon-Mu-oz L, Graciani A, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Coffee consumption and health-related quality of life. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(1):143-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hino A, Adachi H, Enomoto M, Furuki K, Shigetoh Y, Ohtsuka M, et al. Habitual coffee but not green tea consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome: an epidemiological study in a general Japanese population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;76(3):383-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Schubert MM, Irwin C, Seay RF, Clarke HE, Allegro D, Desbrow B. Caffeine, coffee, and appetite control: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(8):901-12. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Matsuura H, Mure K, Nishio N, Kitano N, Nagai N, Takeshita T. Relationship between coffee consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese civil servants. J Epidemiol. 2012;22(2):160-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Lee A, Lim W, Kim S, Khil H, Cheon E, An S, et al. Coffee intake and obesity: a meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11(6). [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Velickovic K, Wayne D, Leija HAL, Bloor I, Morris DE, Law J, et al. Caffeine exposure induces browning features in adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9104. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Martins I. Caffeine consumption and induction of obesity in the developed world. Ann Obes Relat Dis. 2017;2(1):1018.
- Jessen A, Buemann B, Toubro S, Skovgaard IM, Astrup A. The appetite-suppressant effect of nicotine is enhanced by caffeine. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005;7(4):327-33. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Schubert MM, Grant G, Horner K, King N, Leveritt M, Sabapathy S, et al. Coffee for morning hunger pangs. An examination of coffee and caffeine on appetite, gastric emptying, and energy intake. Appetite. 2014;83:317-26. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pettenuzzo LF, Noschang C, von Pozzer Toigo E, Fachin A, Vendite D, Dalmaz C. Effects of chronic administration of caffeine and stress on feeding behavior of rats. Physiol Behav. 2008;95(3):295-301. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gupta BS, Gupta U. Caffeine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends. 1st ed. Florida: CRC Press; 1999. [Crossref]
- Wang T, Huang T, Kang JH, Zheng Y, Jensen MK, Wiggs JL, et al. Habitual coffee consumption and genetic predisposition to obesity: gene-diet interaction analyses in three US prospective studies. BMC Med. 2017;15(1):97. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
.: İşlem Listesi