Anne sütü, insan ve diğer memeli yenidoğanlar için elzemdir. Yenidoğan ve bebekler için anne sütü en önemli besin ögesidir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, yenidoğan ve bebek ölümlerinin azaltılması için 2 yaşa kadar anne sütünü önermektedir. Anne sütü ile beslenme bebeğe güçlü doğal bağışıklık kazandırır. Bağışıklık sisteminin bileşenleri olan interferonlar, immünglobulinler, makrofajlar ve lenfositler anne sütünde bulunur. Kolostrum, meme sütü salınmadan önce üretilen meme sıvısıdır. Çok besleyicidir; bakteri ve enfeksiyonlara karşı yüksek miktarda antikor içerir. Kolostrum yenidoğan ve bebeklerde büyümeyi uyarır, immüniteyi destekler ve sağlıklı bağırsak gelişimi sağlar. Neopterin, hücresel immün yanıtı gösteren konjuge olmayan bir pteridindir ve interferon-gama uyarılması ile guanozin trifosfattan guanozin trifosfat hidrolaz enzimi aracılığıyla insan monosit/makrofajlarından salınır. Biyolojik örneklerde neopterin düzeylerinin belirlenmesinin hücresel immünitenin durumu hakkında bilgi sağladığı bilinmektedir. Serum, plazma, idrar, tükürük, beyin omurilik sıvısı ve gözyaşı gibi çeşitli biyolojik sıvılarda neopterin düzeylerini değerlendiren çok sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen insan sütünde neopterin konsantrasyonları hakkında az çalışma bulunmaktadır. Sağlıklı insanlarda kan neopterin konsantrasyonları yaş ile değişir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Anne sütü; laktasyon; neopterin; kolostrum
Breast milk is essential for newborn infants and other mammals. Breast milk is the most important nutritional element for newborns and young babies. The World Health Organization recommends breast milk for up to 2 years of age to reduce neonatal and infant mortality. Feeding with breast human milk gives strong natural immunity to the baby. Interferons, immunoglobulins, macrophages and lymphocytes, which are components of the immune system, are found in breast milk. Colostrum is a breast fluid that is produced prior to the release of breast milk. It is very nutritious and contains high levels of antibodies that fight infections and bacteria. Colostrum promotes growth, obtains immunity and improves gut health in infants and newborns. Neopterin, a non-conjugated pteridine derivative, is a sensitive biomarker of the cellular immune response, and it is released from human monocytes/macrophages by the stimulation of interferon-gamma from guanosine triphosphate by the guanosine triphosphate hydrolyze enzyme. It is known that the determination of neopterin levels in biological samples provides information about the state of cellular immunity. Although there are many studies evaluating neopterin levels in various biological fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid and tears, there are few studies on neopterin concentrations in human milk. In healthy humans, blood neopterin concentrations may vary with age. It was reported that higher neopterin levels in children
Keywords: Human breast milk; lactation; neopterin; colostrum
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