Prostat kanseri, prostat bezinin herhangi bir yerinde başlayabilen, ilk 5-10 yılında yavaş, sonra hızla büyüyen ve diğer organlara yayılabilen tedavi edilmesi güç bir hastalıktır. Türkiye'de 2014 yılında erkeklerde en sık görülen 10 kanser sıralamasında akciğer kanserini takiben ikinci sıraya yerleşen prostat kanseri, tüm yaş grupları sıralamasında da ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Bu derlemede, prostat kanserli bireylerin inek sütü tüketiminin hastalığın seyrine olan etkisi ve inek sütünün kanser hücre gelişimi üzerine etkisini açıklamak amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanında, prostat kanseri görülme sıklığı ve ölüm oranı ile ne kadar ilişkili olabileceği sorgulanmıştır. Süt tüketimi ve prostat kanseri ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülen muhtemel mekanizmalardan kalsiyum, insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü, DNA metiltransferaz 1 sinyalini zayıflatan süt kaynaklı mikroRNA'lar ve yüksek inek sütü tüketimi ile artan mTORC1 sinyalizasyonu açıklanmıştır. Güncel sonuçlar çocukluk dönemindeki süt tüketimini prostat kanseri riski ile ilişkili görmeyip, erişkinlikteki süt tüketiminin biyolojik bir temeli olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Dünya Kanser Araştırma Fonu'nda süt ve süt ürünleri üzerine mevcut kanıtlar sınırlı olarak raporlanıp, süt ve süt ürünlerinin prostat kanseri risk artışına neden olduğuna vurgu yapılmıştır. İnek sütündeki mikroRNA'ların insan besin zincirinden çıkarılması, prostat gelişimi ve farklılaşmasının mTORC1'e bağlı gerçekleşen fazları sırasında inek sütü alımının kısıtlanması ve mTORC1 sinyallerini zayıflatıcı yönde diyet müdahaleleri prostat kanserinden korunma amaçlı girişimler olarak uygulanabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prostat kanseri; süt; diyet; besin ve beslenme
Prostate cancer is a difficult disease that is slowly grow in the first 5-10 years that can start any part of the prostate gland, then grow rapidly and spread to other organs. In 2014 the 10 most common male cancer in Turkey ranking of prostate cancer into second place after lung cancer, it is in second place in the ranking of all age groups. In this review, it is aimed to explain the effect of cow milk consumption on the course of disease and the effect of cancer cell development. In addition, the relationship between the incidence of prostate cancer and the mortality rate were questioned. Potentially thought to be related to milk-prostate cancer, calcium, insulin-like growth factor, milk-induced miRNAs that weaken the DNA methyltransferase 1 signal, and increased mTORC1 signaling with high cow milk consumption have been described. Recent results suggest that milk consumption in childhood is not associated with prostate cancer risk, and that milk consumption in adulthood may have a biological basis. According to the World Cancer Research Fund, evidence on milk and dairy products has been reported as limited-thought-provoking and emphasized that milk and dairy products cause an increased risk of prostate cancer. Removal of miRNAs from cow's milk from the human food chain, restriction of cow's milk intake during mTORC1-dependent phases of prostate development and differentiation, and dietary interventions in the direction of attenuating mTORC1 signals can be applied as prophylaxis of prostate cancer prevention.
Keywords: Prostate cancer; milk; diet; food and nutrition
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