The development of surgical techniques and the use of immunosuppressive agents can increase the lifespan of the graft in organ transplants. Nonetheless, donor specific and non-specific antibodies produced prior to transplantation cause both acute and chronic rejection and, consequently, graft damage. Non-HLA antibodies have started to attract attention as a result of the observation of rejections in patients whose cross match test results were negative and didn't have antibodies produced against donor specific and HLA panel. It has been determined that non-HLA antibodies cause both acute and chronic rejections, and may have different effects on the organ they target. These antibodies were first identified in 1995. Vascular receptors, adhesion molecules and intermediate filaments are among the targets of non-HLA antibodies. Many studies are available in literature investigating angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), endothelin type A receptor (ETAR), collagen-V (Kol-V), K-alpha 1 tubulin (KA1T), perlecan (LG3) C-terminal fragment, associated with MHC class I polypeptide A and B. In addition, more non-HLA antibody targets can be identified and organ transplantation and graft survival studies can be developed. In this review, antigenic targets, treatment strategies and detection methods of non-HLA antibodies will be discussed.
Keywords: Transplantation; rejection; antibodies
Cerrahi tekniklerin gelişmesi ve immünsupresif ajanların kullanımı, organ nakillerinde greftin yaşam ömrünü arttırılabilmektedir. Buna rağmen nakil öncesinde oluşmuş donöre özgü ve özgü olmayan antikorlar nakil sonrasında hem akut hem de kronik redde ve dolayısıyla greft hasarına sebep olmaktadır. Hem donöre özgü hem de belirli bir insan lökosit antijen (HLA) paneline karşı üretilen antikorları olmayan ve çapraz uyum testleri de negatif olarak belirlenen hastalarda da organ redlerinin gözlenmesi sonucunda, HLA dışı antikorları ilgi çekmeye başlamıştır. HLA-dışı antikorların hem akut hem de kronik redlere sebep olduğu, hedef aldıkları organa göre farklı etkilerinin olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu antikorlar ilk olarak 1995 yılında tespit edilmiştir. Vasküler reseptörler, adezyon moleküleri ve ara filamentler HLA dışı antikorlarının hedefleri arasındadır. Angiotensin tip 1 reseptörü (AT1R), endotelin tip A reseptörü (ETAR), kollajen-V (Kol-V), K-alfa 1 tubulin (KA1T), perlekan (LG3) C terminal fragmanı, MHC sınıf I polipeptidi ile ilişkili A ve B antijenlerine karşı tanımlanan antikorlarla ilgili birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca daha fazla HLA dışı antikor hedefleri belirlenerek, organ nakli ve greft sağkalım çalışmaları geliştirilebilir. Bu derlemede, HLA dışı antikorların antijenik hedefleri, tedavi stratejileri ve tespit yöntemleri tartışılacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Transplantasyon; organ reddi; antikorlar
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