The fatty liver disease is defined as more than 5% of liver histiocytes filled with fatty vacuoles, depending on diet and independent of alcohol consumption. As it is known, fatty liver and related disorders are common, but still have no effective treatment. It is one of the important health problems in developed countries, associated with social and economic problems. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common chronic metabolic disorders. It was observed that the prevalence of NAFLD has increased significantly worldwide in recent years. With advancing obesity epidemics, NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease both in adults and children. Therefore, the clinical and economic burden of the disease is remarkable and increasing within the health system. While fatty liver is a metabolic disorder that has no definite drug treatment today, there are some traditional preparations used for this purpose as ethnobotanically. According to ethnobotanical studies in the current literature associated to liver diseases; various in vitro, in vivo, or clinical experimental studies were reported with successful results. Thus, in this present review, studies on natural sourced raw materials, herbal formulations related to liver diseases, especially fatty liver, obesity, hyperlipidemia were compiled mainly from ethnobotanical origin.
Keywords: Fatty liver; extract; herbal drug; natural product
Beslenmeye bağlı, alkol tüketiminden bağımsız karaciğer histiositlerinin %5?ten fazlasının yağ vakuolleriyle dolu olması ?yağlı karaciğer hastalığı? olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bilindiği üzere karaciğer yağlanması ve karaciğer yağlanmasına bağlı rahatsızlıklar sık görülen ancak günümüzde kanıtlanmış etkin bir tedavisi olmayan metabolik rahatsızlıklardır. Ülkemizde de önemli sağlık sorunlarının başında gelmekte olup, sosyal ve ekonomik problemleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, gelişmiş ülkelerde en yaygın kronik metabolik rahatsızlıklar arasındadır. Son yıllarda alkole bağlı olmayan yağlı karaciğer hastalığı prevalansının dünya genelinde önemli bir şekilde arttığı gözlenmiştir. İlerleyen obezite salgınları ile nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, erişkinlerde ve çocuklarda kronik karaciğer hastalığının en yaygın nedeni hâline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle yağlı karaciğer hastalığının klinik ve ekonomik yükü dikkate değerdir. Karaciğer yağlanması, günümüzde kesin bir ilaç tedavisi olmayan bir metabolik rahatsızlık iken, halk arasında bu amaçla kullanılan bazı geleneksel preparatlar mevcuttur. Karaciğer rahatsızlıklarında bitkiler etnobotanik çalışmalarda yer almış; çeşitli in vitro, in vivo veya klinik deneysel araştırmalarda yer almış olup, başarılı sonuçlar alınmıştır. Bu derlemede, bilhassa karaciğer yağlanması, obezite, hiperlipidemi başta olmak üzere karaciğer rahatsızlıkları ile ilişkili bitkiler, bitkisel formülasyonlar ve bitkilerden elde edilen doğal kaynaklı ham maddeler ile yapılan çalışmalar listelenmiştir. Gerek halk arasında kullanımları içeren, gerek deneysel çalışmaları (in vivo ve klinik çalışmalar) içeren makaleler derlenmiş ve özetlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Karaciğer yağlanması; ekstre; bitkisel ilaç; doğal ürün
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