Hentbol, kısa süreli yüksek şiddetli aktivitelerin tekrarlı uygulanması ile oynanan aralıklı bir takım sporudur. Son yıllarda bu konuda yayımlanan çok sayıda araştırma sonucu, alandaki tüm paydaşlar için çok önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, hentbol performans bileşenlerinin etkilerinin araştırıldığı bilimsel çalışmaları derleyen bir literatür incelemesi yapmaktır. PubMed, Web of Science ve Google Scholar Akademik veri tabanları, birincil anahtar kelime olan 'Handball' ile birlikte ikincil anahtar kelimelerden en az birinin birlikte yer alması ön koşulu sağlanarak, ikincil anahtar kelimeler olarak 'Physiological demands' ya da 'Throwing velocity' ya da 'Match analysis' ya da 'Small-sided games' ya da 'Distance covered' kullanılarak 2000-2018 yılları arasında taranmıştır. Dışlama ve dâhil edilme kriterlerinin uygulanması sonrasında toplam 76 makale çalışmada derlenmiştir. Bu derlemeyle, hentbolda seviyeye ve pozisyona bağlı fiziksel ve fizyolojik gereksinimlerin farklılığı da incelenmiştir. Maç içindeki yüksek şiddetli aktivitelerin azalmasıyla ortaya çıkan yorgunluk gelişimi tartışılmıştır. Hentbolda sonuca gitmekte en önemli unsur olan atış kinematiği kısaca tanımlanarak, top fırlatma hızına etki eden faktörler ve antrenman etkileri incelenmiştir. Ek olarak, hentbolda az sayıdaki dar alan oyunu araştırma sonuçları, yöntemsel standart olmaması nedeni ile çelişkili bulunmuştur. Bu derlemede hentbol performansı; maç gereksinimleri, fiziksel yük, atış hızı ve dar alan oyunları perspektifinden farklı seviye, yaş grubu, cinsiyet ve antrenman durumuna göre karşılaştırılmıştır. İleri dönemde, daha fazla maç ve antrenman yükü belirleyen bireyselleşme ilkesine uygun veri sağlayacak ve antrenman etkilerini araştıran saha çalışmalarına gereksinim bulunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hentbol; dar alan oyunları; top atış hızı; fizyolojik gereksinimler; koşu mesafesi
Handball is an intermittent team sport in which players perform high-intensity activities repeatedly. Recent results of published investigations in handball topics are essential for specialists such as coaches, physicians, and strength and conditioning practitioners. This review aims to review articles that researched to performance factors of handball. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases between 2000-2018 years. The searching was performed by primary keyword 'Handball' and secondary keywords 'Physiological demands' or 'Throwing velocity' or 'Match analysis' or 'Small-sided games' or 'Distance covered'. After including and excluding criteria performed a total of 76 articles reviewed in this study. In this review, we discussed the physical, physiological and on-court demands of handball players in special reference to position and playing level. During the handball matches, fatigue development also considered that appears with the determination of decreased high-intensity activities. Additionally, as an important factor for handball scoring, throwing kinematics described and training effects of throwing velocity reviewed. In the literature, only a few small-sided games investigation exists that used non-standard methods. Further research is needed to understand the individual training, and match load of handball players from different sex, level, physical characteristics.
Keywords: Handball; small sided games; throwing velocity; physiological demands; distance covered
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