Hypericum perforatum L., antik çağlardan beri depresyon dâhil pek çok farklı hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılan çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Antidepresan etkisiyle ilgili bilinen ilk kayıt 1. yüzyıla aittir. Bitkinin antidepresan özelliklerini araştırmak üzere çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış ve bunların sonucunda bitkinin plaseboya göre daha etkili olduğu, standart antidepresanlarla aynı etkinliği gösterdiği ve bunlara kıyasla daha az yan etkiye neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitkinin sahip olduğu antidepresan etki, bileşiminde bulunan farklı bileşiklerden oluşan zengin karışımdan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu karışımda bulunan ve bir floroglusinol türevi olan hiperforin aktiviteden sorumlu ana bileşiktir. Antidepresan etki mekanizması günümüzde hâlâ tam olarak bilinememekle birlikte, bitkideki flavonoidlerin antidepresan aktivitede rol oynadığını gösteren bazı kanıtlar mevcuttur. Hem dünyada hem de Türkiye'de en çok satılan bitkisel ilaçlardan biri olması dolayısıyla H. perforatum ve sahip olduğu antidepresan etki ile ilgili daha fazla bilgi edinmek oldukça önemli hâle gelmiştir. Olası bazı ilaç etkileşimleri, aynı zamanda ürünlerin kalitesinin oldukça değişken olması, hatta bazı ürünlerin hiç etken madde içermediğinin tespit edilmesi gibi nedenlerden dolayı bitkinin kontrolsüzce kullanımı sorun teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, H. perforatum bitkisinin geçmişten günümüze depresyon tedavisinde kullanımı, yapılan çalışmalarla sunulan kanıtlar, kayıt altına alınan muhtemel yan etkiler ve ilaç etkileşimleri ile ilgili bilgi vermektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hypericum perforatum; sarı kantaron; depresyon
Hypericum perforatum L., is a perennial herb that has been used since ancient times for the treatment of several diseases including depression. The first record about its antidepressant effect is from the 1st century. There have been numerous studies designed to investigate its antidepressant properties, and accordingly it can be said that the plant is more effective than placebo, and as effective as the standard antidepressants with significantly less side effects. The antidepressant properties of the plant are attributed to its rich mixture of different compounds, among them the floroglucinol derivative hyperforin is mainly responsible for the activity. Although the exact mechanism of action still remains unknown, there is evidence that flavonoids of the plant also play a role in antidepressant activity. Being one of the most selling herbal drugs in the world and also in Turkey, it has become crucial to gain more knowledge about the antidepressant properties of H. perforatum. The uncontrolled use of the plant could be problematic because of the possible drug interactions, besides the quality of the preparations can differ considerably, and it has been showed that some of the products do not even contain any bioactive consituents. This study aims to give information about H. perforatum for the treatment of depression, including evidence provided by the studies, the possible side effects and drug interactions recorded from past to present.
Keywords: Hypericum perforatum; St. John's wort; depression
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