Meme kanseri (MK), dünya çapında kadınlarda en sık görülen kanser türü olup, kansere bağlı ölümlerin 2. nedenidir. Yüksek düzeylerde östrojen ve türevlerine maruz kalmak, MK'nin gelişmesine neden olan ana etkenlerden biridir. MK tedavisinde kullanılan kemoterapi ilaçlarına bağlı gözlenen yan etkiler, ilaçlara karşı direnç gelişmesi ve hastalığın nüks etmesi gibi faktörler tedavi etkinliğini kısıtlamaktadır. Özellikle Evre 4, metastatik MK ile ilgili aydınlatılmamış pek çok nokta bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle MK'nin önlenmesi ve tedavisiyle ilgili yeni yaklaşımların araştırılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Fitoöstrojenler, bitkilerden elde edilen ikincil metabolitler olarak kabul edilen polifenolik veya steroidal olmayan bileşiklerdir. Bu bileşikler, östrojen ve türevlerine yapısal ve işlevsel olarak benzemektedirler. Fitoöstrojenler, postmenapoz dönemde osteoporoz, sıcak basması ve terleme gibi şikâyetleri hafifletmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadırlar. Ancak fitoöstrojenlerin neden olduğu östrojen benzeri istenmeyen etkilerinden kaçınmak için fitoöstrojenlerin etkilerini ve doğru kullanımını anlamak oldukça önemlidir. Bu derlemede, MK ile en yaygın kullanılan fitoöstrojenler arasındaki ilişkinin kanserli hücre hatları, hayvan deneyleri ve insan çalışmalarıyla değerlendirildiği literatürlere yer verilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Meme kanseri; fitoöstrojenler; östrojen; genistein; resveratrol
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and is the second cause of cancer-related deaths. Exposure to high levels of estrogen and its derivatives is one of the main factors leading to the development of BC. Factors such as side effects due to chemotherapy drugs used in the treatment of BC, development of resistance to drugs and relapse of the disease limit the effectiveness of the treatment. There are many unexplained points about metastatic BC, especially in the Stage 4. For this reason, there is a need to investigate new approaches regarding the prevention and treatment of BC. Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic or non-steroidal compounds that are considered secondary metabolites derived from plants. These compounds are structurally and functionally similar to estrogen and its derivatives. Phytoestrogens are used to alleviate complaints such as osteoporosis, hot flashes and sweating in the postmenopausal period. However, in order to avoid estrogen-like undesirable effects caused by of phytoestrogens, it is essential to understand the effects and correct use of phytoestrogens. This review includes literature evaluating the relationship between BC and the most commonly used phytoestrogens with cancer cell lines, animal experiments and human studies.
Keywords: Breast cancer; phytoestrogens; estrogen; genistein; resveratrol
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