Süt ve süt ürünleri sağlığımız üzerinde oldukça önemli fizyolojik etkilere sahip olan biyolojik proteinler ve peptidleri içermektedir. Bu konu ile ilgili olarak süt proteinleri ve biyoaktif peptidler üzerine yapılan çalışma sayılarında, son yıllarda artış mevcuttur. Süt protein molekülleri içerisinde biyoaktif peptidler, inaktif olarak bulunmaktadır. Bu bileşikler sütün sindirim sisteminde parçalanması, sütün fermentasyon yoluyla ürünlerine işlenmesi veya starter kültür aktiviteleri sonucunda aktif hâle geçmektedirler. Dünya gıda sektörünü incelediğimizde, oldukça geniş bir yelpazede süt ürünü çeşidinin olduğu, birçoğunun da laktik asit fermentasyonu ile üretildiği ve bu yöntemin de fermente süt ürünleri sektörü olarak bir sanayi alanı şeklinde ortaya çıktığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte bu prosesin diğer bir önemi ise fermentasyon sırasında oluşan biyoaktif peptidlerinde, bağışıklık geliştirici olarak antitümör aktiviteye katkı sağlamasıdır. Ayrıca vücutta hormon benzeri düzenleyici madde etkisine de sahip olup antihipertansif, antioksidatif, antimikrobiyal ve opioid bağışıklık düzenleme gibi farklı biyolojik aktivitelerde de görev almaktadırlar. Son yıllarda gıdalar ile ilgili yapılan birçok araştırma, tüketicilerin bir yandan kafasını karıştırırken bir yandan da daha sağlıklı gıda arayışına yönlendirilmelerine yardım etmiştir. Bu durum ise biz tüketicileri sağlık, zindelik, performansın korunması ve hastalıkların giderilmesinde biyoaktif bileşen içeren gıdalara yönlendirmeye neden olmuştur. Bu derlemede biyoaktif peptidlerin tanımlanması, kimyasal yapıları, oluşumu ve sağlık üzerine etkileri hakkında bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyoaktif peptidler; fermente ürünler; opioid; tüketici yaklaşımı
There are biological proteins and peptides, which have quite important physiological effects on our health, in milk and dairy products. Regarding this issue, there has been an increase in the number of studies on milk proteins and bioactive peptides in recent years. Bioactive peptides exist actively in milk protein molecules. These compounds become active in consequence of degradation of milk in the digestive system, processing of milk into dairy products through fermentation, or starter culture activities. When we examine world food markets, it is observed that hundreds of types of dairy products are produced using lactic acid fermentation and this method has emerged as the fermented dairy products sector as a form of an industrial area. At the same time another importance of this process which this peptides occur during fermentation, also contribute to anti-tumor activity as immuneenhancer. Also, they have a hormone-like regulatory effect in the body and take part in various biological activities such as antihypertensive, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and opioid immunomodulation. In recent years, many studies conducted on foods caused routing the consumers, to head towards the foods that contain bioactive ingredients for protecting health, vitality, and performance, and overcoming illnesses. In this review, we will try to be given information about identification of bioactive peptides, chemical structure, formation and effects on health.
Keywords: Bioactive peptides; fermented products; opioid; consumer approach
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