Amaç: Egzersizin bağışıklık sistemi üzerine olan etkileri uzun yıllardır sıkça araştırılan bir konudur. Ancak farklı şiddetlerde yapılan egzersizlerin bağışıklık sistemi üzerine olan etkileri büyük ölçüde bilinirken, farklı hava sıcaklıklarında uygulan egzersizlerin etkileri hakkında sınırlı sayıda çalışma vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı hava sıcaklıklarında yapılan aerobik egzersizin bağışıklık hücrelerine olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya 27 sağlıklı genç birey gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara 3 farklı sıcaklıkta (0,12 ve 24 °C) 40 dk'lık aerobik koşu egzersizi uygulanmıştır. Koşu hızı, katılımcıların maksimum kalp atım hızlarının %65-70'ine (%50- 55 VO2maks) karşılık gelen aralıkta tutulmuştur. Katılımcılardan, egzersizlerin öncesinde ve sonrasında kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Katılımcıların bağışıklık fonksiyonları için lökosit ve alt grupları (lenfosit, monosit ve granülosit) kan sayımı ile venöz kan örneklerinden belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizleri eşli örneklem t-testi (önce-sonra) ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan araştırma sonucunda 0°C ve 12°C sıcaklıklarda yapılan egzersizlerde lökosit (sırasıyla p=0,015 ve p=0,006) ve nötrofil sayıları (sırasıyla p=0,018 ve p=0,021) önemli derecede artarken, 24° C sıcaklıkta ise sadece nötrofil sayılarında (p=0,046) artış görülmüştür. Diğer kan hücrelerinde 3 farklı sıcaklıkta yapılan egzersizlerde de herhangi bir değişime rastlanmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, çevre sıcaklığı değiştikçe aerobik egzersizlere farklı bağışıklık tepkilerinin oluşabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Soğuk; egzersiz; lökosit; lenfosit; monosit; nötrofil
Objective: The effects of exercise on the immune system have been frequently investigated for many years. Although the effects of exercise at different intensities on the immune system are highly known, there are limited studies on the effects of exercise at different environmental temperatures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on immune cells at different environmental temperatures. Material and Methods: Twenty-seven young healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Participants performed 40 minutes of aerobic running exercise at three different temperatures (0.12 and 24°C). The running speed rate was controlled around 65-70% (50-55% VO2max) of the participants' maximum heart rate. Blood samples were collected from the participants pre- and postexercise. Leukocytes and subgroups (lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes) were measured to assess the immune functions of the participants via the blood count from venous blood samples. Statistical analysis of the data was assessed using paired t-test (pre and post). Results: The findings of this study showed that leukocyte (p=0.015 ve p=0.006, respectively) and neutrophil (p=0.018 ve p=0.021, respectively) counts significantly increased in the exercises performed at 0°C and 12°C, whereas in the exercise at 24 °C only neutrophil count (p=0.046) significantly increased. However, these exercises applied at three temperatures did not any changes in other blood cells (p>0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, this study indicated that different immune responses to aerobic exercise may occur as the environment temperature changes.
Keywords: Cold; exercise; leukocyte; lymphocytes; monocytes; neutrophils
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