Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, maksiller anterior bölgelerde açılı titanyum ve zirkonya abutment kullanıldığı durumlarda, okluzal streslerin implant, abutment, restorasyon ve çevre dokularda oluşturduğu streslerin analiz edilmesidir. Bu sayede başarılı bir implant uygulaması için hangi materyallerin hangi açılarda daha başarılı olduğunun tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada stres analiz yöntemlerinden biri olan ve teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birçok alanda sıklıkla kullanılan sonlu elemanlar analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Maksillar anterior tek diş implant destekli restorasyon modelleri titanyum ve zirkonya abutment materyallerinin implant ile 0° ve 25° açı yaptığı modeller bilgisayar ortamında hazırlanmıştır. Üç boyutlu olarak bilgisayar ortamında hazırlanan bu modellere çiğneme ve kesme kuvvetleri uygulanmış ve uygulanan bu kuvvetler sonucunda implantta, abutmentte, restorasyonda, implant vidasında, çevre kemik dokuda oluşan stresler incelenerek kıyaslanmıştır. Bulgular: Maksiller anterior tek diş eksikliklerinde zirkonya abutmentler 0° ve 25° açılı kullanımda kesme ve çiğneme kuvvetlerine karşı titanyum abutmentlere benzer stres birikimleri göstermiştir. Hem zirkonya hem de titanyum abutmentlerde 25° açılandırıldıklarında açısız kullanımına göre %30 oranında stres artışı görülmüştür. Abutment vidasında ise açılı kullanımda stresin 3 kat arttığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: Estetik beklentileri karşılamak için maksiller anterior bölgede kullanılan zirkonya abutmentler çiğneme ve kesme kuvvetleri karşısında oluşan stresler açısından titanyum abutmentlere benzer stresler oluşturduğundan hem açılı hem de düz kullanımının titanyum abutmentlerden farklı sonuçlar doğurmayacağı anlaşılmıştır. Abutment vidalarında 25° açılı kullanımda 3 kat fazla stres oluştuğu tespit edildiğinden tasarım ve materyal kalitesinin dikkate alınması gerektiği görülmüştür. Konu ile ilgili in vivo çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dental implant; abutment; zirkonya abutment; sonlu elemanlar analizi
Objective: Aim of the study is analyzing the stresses caused by occlusal stresses on the implant, abutment, restoration and surrounding tissues in cases where angled titanium and zirconia abutments are used in the maxillary anterior regions. In this way, it is aimed to determine which materials and which angles should be used for a successful implant application. Material and Methods: Finite element analysis method, which is frequently used in many areas with the development of technology, was used in the study. Maxillary anterior single implant supported restoration models were prepared in computer environment where titanium and zirconia abutment materials prepared 0° and 25° angles with the implant. Chewing and shearing forces were applied to these models, which were prepared in three dimensions in the computer environment, and as a result of these applied forces, the stresses on the implant, abutment, restoration, implant screw, and surrounding bone tissue were examined and compared. Results: In maxillary anterior single tooth deficiencies zirconia abutments showed similar stress cumulations to titanium abutments when they are used with 0° and 25° angle. On both zirconia and titanium abutments, when they are tilted 25°, an increase in stress of 30% was observed compared to the non-tilted use. It is observed that the stress increased three times more on abutment screw with the use of angle. Conclusion: Since zirconia abutments used in the maxillary anterior region to meet aesthetic expectations create stresses similar to titanium abutments in terms of stresses against chewing and shear forces, it has been understood that both angled and straight use will not produce different results than titanium abutments. Abutment screws have been found to have 3 times more stress at 25° angles, so design and material quality have to be taken into consideration. It is thought that supportive in vivo studies should be performed.
Keywords: Dental implant; abutment; zirconia abutment; finite element analysis
- Misch CE. Dental Implant Prosthetics. 1st ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2005.
- Nakamura K, Kanno T, Milleding P, Ortengren U. Zirconia as a dental implant abutment material: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodont. 2010;23(4):299-309. [PubMed]
- Kohal RJ, Att W, Bächle M, Butz F. Ceramic abutments and ceramic oral implants. An update. Periodontol 2000. 2008;47:224-43. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Carlsson L, Röstlund T, Albrektsson B, Albrektsson T. Implant fixation improved by close fit. Cylindrical implant-bone interface studied in rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand. 1988;59(3):272-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Besler U, Martin W, Jung R, Hammerle C, Buser D. ITI Treatment Guide: Implant Therapy in the Esthetic Zone: Single-Tooth Replacements. Vol.1. 1st ed. London: Quintessence Publishing; 2007. p.27.
- Henry PJ, Laney WR, Jemt T, Harris D, Krogh PH, Polizzi G, et al. Osseointegrated implants for single-tooth replacement: a prospective 5-year multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11(4):450-5. [PubMed]
- Gotfredsen K, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Bone reactions adjacent to titanium implants with different surface characteristics subjected to static load. A study in the dog (II). Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001;12(3):196-201. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lekholm U, Zarb GA. Patient selection and preparation. In: Branemak PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, eds. Tissue Integrated Prostheses: Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry. 1st ed. Chicago: Quintessence; 1985.
- Misch CE, Hoar J, Beck G, Hazen R, Misch CM. A bone quality-based implant system: a preliminary report of stage I & stage II. Implant Dent. 1998;7(1):35-42. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Duyck J, Vrielinck L, Lambrichts I, Abe Y, Schepers S, Politis C, et al. Biologic response of immediately versus delayed loaded implants supporting ill-fitting prostheses: an animal study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2005;7(3):150-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Koolstra JH, van Eijden TM, Weijs WA, Naeije M. A three-dimensional mathematical model of the human masticatory system predicting maximum possible bite forces. J Biomech. 1988;21(7):563-76. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Carlsson GE, Lindquist LW, Jemt T. Long-term marginal periimplant bone loss in edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont. 2000;13(4):295-302. [PubMed]
- Özyanat G, Mohammadi A, Alioğlu E, Değer S. Simante restorasyonlarda açılı implant dayanağı kullanım sıklığı [Frequency of the using angleded abutments for the cementable restorations]. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 2013;47(1):8-16. [Link]
- Kao RT, Fagan MC, Conte GJ. Thick vs. thin gingival biotypes: a key determinant in treatment planning for dental implants. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2008;36(3):193-8. [PubMed]
- Sousa MP, Tribst JPM, de Oliveira Dal Piva AM, Borges ALS, de Oliveira S, da Cruz PC. Capacity to maintain placement torque at removal, single load-to-failure, and stress concentration of straight and angled abutments. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2019;39(2):213-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Rimondini L, Cerroni L, Carrassi A, Torricelli P. Bacterial colonization of zirconia ceramic surfaces: an in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002;17(6):793-8. [PubMed]
- de Holanda Cavalcanti Pereira AK, de Oliveira Limirio JPJ, Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos B, Pellizzer EP, Dantas de Moraes SL. Mechanical behavior of titanium and zirconia abutments at the implant-abutment interface: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2022:S0022-3913(22) 00050-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Yildirim M, Fischer H, Marx R, Edelhoff D. In vivo fracture resistance of implant-supported all-ceramic restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 2003;90(4):325-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Friberg B, Jemt T, Lekholm U. Early failures in 4,641 consecutively placed Brånemark dental implants: a study from stage 1 surgery to the connection of completed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6(2):142-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Saab XE, Griggs JA, Powers JM, Engelmeier RL. Effect of abutment angulation on the strain on the bone around an implant in the anterior maxilla: a finite element study. J Prosthet Dent. 2007;97(2):85-92. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Karabudak F, Zamanlou H, Yeşildal R, Bayındır F, Şen S. Düz ve açılı abutmentlere sahip titanyum ve zirkonyum dental implantların gerilme analizlerinin karşılaştırılması [Comparison of titanium and zirconia dental implants of straight and angled abutments' stress analysis]. Mühendislik ve Makine. 2014;55(652):34-42. [Link]
- Yoshida N, Koga Y, Kobayashi K, Yamada Y, Yoneda T. A new method for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tooth displacment under the application of orthodontic forces using magnetic sensors. Medical Engineering and Physics. 2000;22(4):293-300. [Crossref]
.: İşlem Listesi