Objective: We studied that collagen material containing double-release gentamicin sponge for preventing of experimental postoperative spinal infection animal model. Material and Methods: A total of 28 adult female rats were used, in 4 groups each having 7 rats. Group 1: Only cutaneous-subcutaneous, fascia opened, muscles stripped; Group 2: Laminectomy of 2 levels+sterile normal saline; Group 3: Laminectomy of 2 levels+Staphylococcus aureus [106 colony forming unit (CFU)/10 ult]; Group 4: Laminectomy of 2 levels+S. aureus (106 CFU/10 ult)+collagen material containing double-release gentamicin sponge. With a light microscope, epidural fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast density of sections were evaluated and graded. Results: Group 2 had higher epidural fibrosis, fibroblast cell density and inflammatory cell density than those of Group 1. Group 3 had higher epidural fibrosis, fibroblast cell density and inflammatory cell density than those of Group 1. Group 1 had lower epidural fibrosis, fibroblast cell density and inflammatory cell density than those of Group 4. The inflammatory cell density was higher in Group 3 than that of Group 2. The epidural fibrosis and inflammatory cell density were lower in Group 4 than those of Group 2. The Group 4 had lower epidural fibrosis, fibroblast cell density and inflammatory cell density than those of Group 3. Conclusion: We therefore consider that the material used for this study could be used for prophylaxis to prevent epidural fibrosis and infection in spinal surgery.
Keywords: Gentamicin; collagen; spinal infection; epidural fibrosis
Amaç: Deneysel postoperatif spinal enfeksiyon hayvan modelini önlemek için çift salımlı gentamisin sünger içeren kollajen materyalini inceledik. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Her birinde 7 sıçan bulunan 4 grupta toplam 28 erişkin dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Grup 1: Sadece kutanözcilt altı, fasya açık, kaslar soyulmuş; Grup 2: 2 seviyeli laminektomi+steril normal salin; Grup 3: 2 seviyeli laminektomi+ Staphylococcus aureus [106 koloni oluşturan birim (colony forming unit 'CFU')]/10 ult'; Grup 4: 2 seviyeli laminektomi+S. aureus (106 CFU/10 ult)+çift salımlı gentamisin sünger içeren kollajen materyal. Işık mikroskobu ile kesitlerin epidural fibrozis, inflamatuar hücre infiltrasyonu ve fibroblast yoğunluğu değerlendirildi ve derecelendirildi. Bulgular: Grup 2'de Grup 1'e göre daha yüksek epidural fibroz, fibroblast hücre yoğunluğu ve inflamatuar hücre yoğunluğu vardı. Grup 3'te Grup 1'e göre daha yüksek epidural fibrozis, fibroblast hücre yoğunluğu ve inflamatuar hücre yoğunluğu vardı. Grup 1, Grup 4'e göre daha düşük epidural fibrozis, fibroblast hücre yoğunluğu ve inflamatuar hücre yoğunluğuna sahipti. Grup 3'te inflamatuar hücre yoğunluğu Grup 2'ye göre daha yüksekti. Grup 4'te epidural fibrozis ve inflamatuar hücre yoğunluğu Grup 2'ye göre daha düşüktü. Grup 4, Grup 3'e göre daha düşük epidural fibrozis, fibroblast hücre yoğunluğu ve inflamatuar hücre yoğunluğuna sahipti. Sonuç: Bu nedenle bu çalışma için kullanılan materyalin spinal cerrahide epidural fibrozis ve enfeksiyonu önlemek için profilaksi için kullanılabileceğini düşünüyoruz.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Gentamisin; kollajen; spinal enfeksiyon; epidural fibrozis
- Srinivasan D, Terman SW, Himedan M, Dugo D, La Marca F, Park P. Risk factors for the development of deformity in patients with spinal infection. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37(2):E2. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Maruo K, Berven SH. Outcome and treatment of postoperative spine surgical site infections: predictors of treatment success and failure. J Orthop Sci. 2014;19(3):398-404. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Rohde V, Meyer B, Schaller C, Hassler WE. Spondylodiscitis after lumbar discectomy. Incidence and a proposal for prophylaxis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998;23(5):615-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Stall AC, Becker E, Ludwig SC, Gelb D, Poelstra KA. Reduction of postoperative spinal implant infection using gentamicin microspheres. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(5):479-83. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ofluoglu EA, Zileli M, Aydin D, Baris YS, Kuçukbasmaci O, Gonullu N, et al. Implant-related infection model in rat spine. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007;127(5):391-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- He Y, Revel M, Loty B. A quantitative model of post-laminectomy scar formation. Effects of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20(5):557-63; discussion 579-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chia CL, Shelat VG, Low W, George S, Rao J. The use of Collatamp G, local gentamicin-collagen sponge, in reducing wound infection. Int Surg. 2014;99(5):565-70. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Jensen JE, Jensen TG, Smith TK, Johnston DA, Dudrick SJ. Nutrition in orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64(9):1263-72. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Massie JB, Heller JG, Abitbol JJ, McPherson D, Garfin SR. Postoperative posterior spinal wound infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;(284):99-108. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Rutten HJ, Nijhuis PH. Prevention of wound infection in elective colorectal surgery by local application of a gentamicin-containing collagen sponge. Eur J Surg Suppl. 1997;(578):31-5. [PubMed]
- Stemberger A, Grimm H, Bader F, Rahn HD, Ascherl R. Local treatment of bone and soft tissue infections with the collagen-gentamicin sponge. Eur J Surg Suppl. 1997;(578):17-26. [PubMed]
- Rosenstein BD, Wilson FC, Funderburk CH. The use of bacitracin irrigation to prevent infection in postoperative skeletal wounds. An experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71(3):427-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Swoboda SM, Merz C, Kostuik J, Trentler B, Lipsett PA. Does intraoperative blood loss affect antibiotic serum and tissue concentrations? Arch Surg. 1996;131(11):1165-71; discussion 1171-2. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Polly DW Jr, Meter JJ, Brueckner R, Asplund L, van Dam BE. The effect of intraoperative blood loss on serum cefazolin level in patients undergoing instrumented spinal fusion. A prospective, controlled study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21(20):2363-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Klein JD, Garfin SR. Nutritional status in the patient with spinal infection. Orthop Clin North Am. 1996;27(1):33-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Osti OL, Fraser RD, Vernon-Roberts B. Discitis after discography. The role of prophylactic antibiotics. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990;72(2):271-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bennett-Guerrero E, Pappas TN, Koltun WA, Fleshman JW, Lin M, Garg J, et al; SWIPE 2 Trial Group. Gentamicin-collagen sponge for infection prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(11):1038-49. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010;363(26):2573. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Rodgers KE, Robertson JT, Espinoza T, Oppelt W, Cortese S, diZerega GS, et al. Reduction of epidural fibrosis in lumbar surgery with Oxiplex adhesion barriers of carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene oxide. Spine J. 2003;3(4):277-83; discussion 284. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Matsuno H, Yudoh K, Hashimoto M, Himeda Y, Miyoshi T, Yoshida K, et al. Antibiotic-containing hyaluronic acid gel as an antibacterial carrier: Usefulness of sponge and film-formed HA gel in deep infection. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(3):321-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Formanek MB, Herwaldt LA, Perencevich EN, Schweizer ML. Gentamicin/collagen sponge use may reduce the risk of surgical site infections for patients undergoing cardiac operations: a meta-analysis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014;15(3):244-55. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Brehant O, Sabbagh C, Lehert P, Dhahri A, Rebibo L, Regimbeau JM. The gentamicin-collagen sponge for surgical site infection prophylaxis in colorectal surgery: a prospective case-matched study of 606 cases. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2013;28(1):119-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Riegels-Nielsen P, Espersen F, Hölmich LR, Frimodt-Møller N. Collagen with gentamicin for prophylaxis of postoperative infection. Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis studied in rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand. 1995;66(1):69-72. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lucke M, Schmidmaier G, Sadoni S, Wildemann B, Schiller R, Haas NP, et al. Gentamicin coating of metallic implants reduces implant-related osteomyelitis in rats. Bone. 2003;32(5):521-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mendel V, Simanowski HJ, Scholz HC, Heymann H. Therapy with gentamicin-PMMA beads, gentamicin-collagen sponge, and cefazolin for experimental osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in rats. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2005;125(6):363-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Geisler FH. Prevention of peridural fibrosis: current methodologies. Neurol Res. 1999;21 Suppl 1:S9-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gerszten PC, Moossy JJ, Flickinger JC, Gerszten K, Kalend A, Martínez AJ. Inhibition of peridural fibrosis after laminectomy using low-dose external beam radiation in a dog model. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(6):1478-85. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Temel SG, Ozturk C, Temiz A, Ersozlu S, Aydinli U. A new material for prevention of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy: oxidized regenerated cellulose (interceed), an absorbable barrier. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2006;19(4):270-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Görgülü A, Simşek O, Cobanoğlu S, Imer M, Parsak T. The effect of epidural free fat graft on the outcome of lumbar disc surgery. Neurosurg Rev. 2004;27(3):181-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Alkalay RN, Kim DH, Urry DW, Xu J, Parker TM, Glazer PA. Prevention of postlaminectomy epidural fibrosis using bioelastic materials. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28(15):1659-65. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bryant MS, Bremer AM, Nguyen TQ. Autogeneic fat transplants in the epidural space in routine lumbar spine surgery. Neurosurgery. 1983;13(4):367-70. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi