Amaç: Hedonik açlık, metabolik ihtiyaç yokluğunda, mevcut olmayan besinlere karşı yeme isteği duyulması sonucunda, besinden zevk alma beklentisi ile ilişkili olarak iştahın açılmasını ifade etmektedir. Çalışma, erişkin bireylerin hedonik açlık durumları ile aşırı besin isteği, dürtüsellik ve benlik saygısı durumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, Kasım 2018-Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında Bandırma ilçesinde yaşayan 18-65 yaş arası gönüllü 158 (%50,2) kadın, 157 (%49,8) erkek birey dahil edilmiştir. Bireylerin kişisel özelliklerini saptamak için 35 sorudan oluşan bir anket formu ile Görsel Analog Skalası, Besin Gücü Ölçeği, Aşırı Besin İsteği Ölçeği, Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği ve Coopersmith Benlik Saygısı Envanteri uygulanarak veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizleri SPSS 22,0 paket programı ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Besin Gücü Ölçeği ölçek puanı ve tüm alt faktör puanları kadınlarda erkeklerden daha yüksektir ve aralarındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 37,95±12,30 yıldır ve 18-27, 28-38, 39-48 ve ≥49 yaş gruplarındaki bireylerin hedonik açlık durumları incelendiğinde; Besin Gücü Ölçeği ölçeği toplam puanı giderek azalmaktadır. Çikolata ve çikolatalı ürünler, kremalı pasta ve pastane ürünleri, cips, fast-food yiyecekler, patates kızartması, ekmek çeşitleri, makarna, hamur işleri ve dondurma tüketme isteği ile Besin Gücü Ölçeği puanı arasındaki pozitif ilişki istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. Bireylerin Aşırı Besin İsteği Ölçeği toplam ve alt faktör puanları arttıkça hedonik açlığın da pozitif yönde arttığı görülmektedir ve bu ilişkilerin hepsi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Barratt dürtüsellik toplam ve alt faktör puanları arttıkça hedonik açlığın da pozitif yönde arttığı görülmektedir ve istatistiksel olarak önemlidir. Coopersmith benlik saygısı toplam puanı arttıkça hedonik açlığın pozitif yönde arttığı görülmektedir ancak aralarındaki bu ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Sonuç: Cinsiyet, yaş gibi bireysel farklılıklar ile aşırı besin isteği duyulan besin çeşitleri, aşırı besin isteğinin varlığı, dürtüsellik, benlik saygısı gibi faktörler bireylerin hedonik açlık durumlarını etkilemektedir. Hedonik açlığa yol açan faktörlerin belirlenmesi bireylere özgü planlanacak beslenme programlarında daha doğru yönlendirmeler yapılmasına, bireylerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının iyileştirilmesine, fazla kiloluluk ve obezitenin tedavisi ve önlenmesine yönelik başarının artırılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Açlık; iştah düzenleme; benlik kavramı; dürtücü davranış
Objective: In the absence of metabolic need, hedonic hunger implies the opening up of appetite in relation to the expectation of pleasure from food as a result of the desire to eat against non-available foods. This study was planned to investigate the relationship between hedonic hunger status of adult individuals and food craving, impulsivity and self-esteem. Material and Methods: The study was conducted between November 2018 and January 2019 in Bandırma district where there were 158 women (50.2%) and 157 men (49.8%) living in Bandırma. In order to determine the personal characteristics of the individuals, data were collected by using a 35-item questionnaire, visual analog scale, the Power of Food Scale, the Food Craving Questionnaire, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Statistical analysis of the data was done by using SPSS 22.0 package program. Results: The Power Foof Scale scale score and all sub-factor scores were higher in females than males and this difference was statistically significant. The mean age of the participants was 37.95±12.30 years and when the hedonic hunger status of the individuals in the age group of 18-27, 28-38, 39-48 and ≥49 years was examined; the total score of the Power Foof Scale scale is gradually decreasing. Chocolate and chocolate products, cream cake and pastry products, chips, fast-food, fried potatoes, bread types, macaroni, pastries and ice cream consumption and the positive correlation between the Power Foof Scale score was found statistically significant. It was observed that hedonic hunger increased positively as the Food Cravings Questionnaire total and sub-factor scores increased and all of these relationships were statistically significant. It is observed that hedonic hunger increases positively as Barratt impulsivity total and sub-factor scores increased and statistically significant. As the total score of Coopersmith self-esteem increased, hedonic hunger increased positively but this relationship was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Individual differences such as gender, age with factors such as food craving demand and the presence of food craving, impulsivity, and self-esteem affect the hedonic status of individuals. Determining these factors that lead to hedonic hunger will contribute to more accurate guidance in the individual nutrition programs, improvement of nutritional habits of individuals, and increase of success in treatment and prevention of overweight and obesity.
Keywords: Hunger; appetite regulation; self concept; impulsive behavior
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