Objective: To investigate the utility of panoramic radiography in determining bony changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: Two hundred eight TMJs on panoramic radiography and CBCT images of 104 (55 male, 49 female) patients were examined. Erosion, flattening, subcortical sclerosis or cyst, osteophyte, loose joint bodies, generalized sclerosis and deviation in form on the mandibular condyle, flattening, subcortical sclerosis and erosion of the articular eminence and articular fossa were evaluated both on CBCT and panoramic images. Data were scored as follows: false positive, false negative, true positive and true negative, and statistically analyzed with SPSS software using chi-square test (p<0.05), Cohen's kappa, receiving operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Flattening (51.4% on CBCT, 24% on panoramic) and erosion (50% on CBCT, 15.9% on panoramic) was most commonly detected on the condylar head (p˂0.05). In the articular eminence, flattening in 2.4% and erosion in 12.5% and the articular fossa flattening in 1% and erosion in 20.2% were detected on CBCT. Flattening and erosion of the articular eminence and articular fossa could not be determined by panoramic radiography. Bony change that the most (38.5%) scored as the false negative was erosion. Accuracy values of panoramic radiography for the detection of any osseous change was poor compared with CBCT images (≤50%). Conclusion: Panoramic radiography was inadequate for detecting bony changes in TMJ especially in articular eminence and articular fossa. Therefore, radiological examination should be supported with more reliable imaging modalities like CBCT to examine hard tissues of TMJ.
Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; osteoarthritis; radiography; panoramic; temporomandibular joint disorders
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleri baz alınarak, panoramik radyografinin temporomandibular eklemde (TME) görülen kemik değişikliklerini saptamadaki etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Panoramik radyografi ve KIBT görüntüleri üzerinde 104 hastaya (55 erkek, 49 kadın) ait 208 TME incelendi. Mandibular kondilde erozyon, düzleşme, subkortikal skleroz veya kist, osteofit, serbest cisimler (loose bodies), generalize skleroz ve kondil başında deviasyon ile artiküler eminens ve artiküler fossada düzleşme, subkortikal skleroz ve erozyon varlığı değerlendirildi. Veriler yanlış pozitif, yanlış negatif, doğru pozitif ve doğru negatif olarak skorlandı ve ki-kare testi (p<0,05), Cohen kappa ve alıcı işlem karakteristik analizi kullanılarak SPSS yazılımı ile istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Mandibular kondilde en sık düzleşme (KIBT'de %51,4; panoramikte %24) ve erozyon (KIBT'de %50; panoramikte %15,9) saptandı (p˂0,05). KIBT görüntülerinde artiküler eminenste %2,4 oranında düzleşme ve %12,5 oranında erozyon, artiküler fossada %1 oranında düzleşme ve %20,2 oranında erozyon tespit edildi. Panoramik radyografi görüntülerinde artiküler eminenste ve artiküler fossada düzleşme ve erozyon saptanmadı. Tüm parametreler için doğru negatif skorlama oranı en yüksekti. En çok (%38,5) yanlış negatif olarak skorlanan kemik değişikliği erozyondu. Kemik değişikliklerinin saptanmasında panoramik radyografinin doğruluk değeri, KIBT'ye oranla daha azdı (≤%50). Sonuç: Panoramik radyografinin, TME'de özellikle artiküler eminens ve fossada görülen kemik değişikliklerini saptamada yetersiz olduğu saptandı. Bu nedenle radyolojik inceleme, TME'nin sert dokularını incelemek için KIBT gibi daha güvenilir görüntüleme yöntemleriyle desteklenmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi; osteoartrit; radyografi; panoramik; temporomandibular eklem bozuklukları
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