Objective: Current guidelines recommend thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, there is no current consensus on the routine application of thromboprophylaxis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of routine application of LMWH on clinical outcomes including mortality and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Material and Methods: All confirmed patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in COVID-19 dedicated wards, from March 15 to May 15, 2020, were included in this retrospective cohort study. Two groups of patients were established, according to the non-routine and routine application of LMWH with therapeutic, weight-based, anticoagulation dosing. Clinical, laboratory and treatment data were collected, analyzed, and compared between the two groups. The initial and extreme values of the laboratory tests were used for analysis. A logistic regression model was developed to assess the factors related to in-hospital adverse outcomes. Results: A total of 1,511 patients (797 men, median age 59.0 years) were retrospectively analyzed [group non-routine LMWH (n=828); group routine LMWH (n=683)]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed routine use of LMWH, favipiravir administration, extreme values of white blood cell count, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, and troponin I as factors independently associated with in-hospital adverse outcomes (odds ratio=0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.83-0.91; p<0.001 for routine use of LMWH). Conclusion: In hospitalized COVID-19 patients routine treatment with therapeutic LMWH dosage was associated with a 75% decrease in mortality and need for ICU admission compared with the non-routine administration when adjusted for other variables in this study.
Keywords: COVID-19; venous thrombosis; thrombosis; heparin; low molecular weight heparin
Amaç: Mevcut kılavuzlar, koronavirüs hastalığı-2019'lu [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] hastalarda düşük moleküler ağırlıklı heparin (DMAH) ile tromboprofilaksi yapılmasını önermektedir. Ancak tromboprofilaksinin rutin uygulanması konusunda güncel bir fikir birliği yoktur. Bu çalışmada, hastanede yatan COVID-19 hastalarında rutin DMAH uygulamasının, mortalite ve yoğun bakım ünitesine (YBÜ) kabul ihtiyacı dâhil klinik sonuçlar üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 15 Mart 2020-15 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında doğrulanmış COVID-19 tanısı olan tüm hastalar bu retrospektif çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Terapötik, kilo bazlı, antikoagülasyon dozlaması ile LMWH'nin rutin olmayan ve rutin olan uygulamasına göre 2 grup hasta oluşturuldu. Klinik, laboratuvar ve tedavi verileri toplandı, analiz edildi ve 2 grup karşılaştırıldı. Analiz için laboratuvar testlerinin başlangıç ve uç değerleri kullanılmıştır. Hastane içi olumsuz sonuçlarla ilgili faktörleri değerlendirmek için bir lojistik regresyon modeli geliştirildi. Bulgular: Toplam 1.511 hasta (797 erkek, medyan yaş 59,0 yıl) geriye dönük olarak analiz edildi [rutin olmayan DMAH grubu (n=828); grup rutin DMAH (n=683)]. Yaptığımız çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi, DMAH'nin rutin kullanımını, favipiravir uygulamasını, lökosit sayımının uç değerini, nötrofil/lenfosit oranını ve troponin I değerini hastane içi olumsuz sonuçlarla ilişkili bağımsız faktörler olduğunu gösterdi (odds oranı=0,25, %95 güven aralığı: 0,83-0,91; p<0,001 DMAH'nin rutin kullanımı için). Sonuç: Hastaneye yatması gereken COVID-19 hastalarında, DMAH dozu ile rutin tedavi, bu çalışmada diğer değişkenler için ayarlandığında rutin olmayan uygulamaya kıyasla mortalite ve YBÜ'ye yatış ihtiyacında %75 azalma ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; venöz tromboz; tromboz; heparin; düşük moleküler ağrılıklı heparin
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