Objective: To evaluate the effect of nasal steroid treatment on dry eye and rhinitis in the geriatric population presenting with both rhinitis and dry eye. Material and Methods: In this single-center clinical study 31 (62 eyes) older adults (age >65 years) with rhinitis and dry eye were included. The symptoms and findings of the patients were compared with the total nasal symptom score (TNSS), the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer I test, and the tear break-up time (TBUT) before and after nasal steroid treatment (beclomethasone dipropionate), with a dose of 2×2 puff (50 μg) for 4 weeks. Intraocular pressure (IOP) values were also measured before and after treatment. All rhinitis cases (allergic and non-allergic) in the geriatric population were included in the study. Results: TNSS, OSDI score, and Schirmer and TBUT values improved significantly after nasal steroid treatment (beclomethasone dipropionate) (p<0.001). No significant change was detected in IOP values in the right or left eyes (p=0.608 and p=0.062, respectively). Conclusion: Nasal steroid treatment at the recommended doses can be effective for both rhinitis and dry eye symptoms without affecting the IOP in older adults, thus may reduce the need for multiple medications for dry eye symptoms. Our study should be supported with further studies designed in larger series.
Keywords: Dry eye; nasal steroid; older adults; rhinitis; Schirmer test
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, riniti ve kuru gözü olan geriatrik popülasyonda nazal steroid tedavisinin kuru göz ve rinit üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tek merkezli klinik çalışmaya riniti ve kuru gözü olan 31 (62 göz) yaşlı erişkin (yaş >65) dâhil edildi. Hastaların semptom ve bulguları; 4 hafta boyunca 2×2 puf (50 μg) dozunda nazal steroid (beklometazon dipropiyonat) kullanılarak, tedaviden önce ve sonra total nazal semptom skoru (TNSS), oküler yüzey hastalık indeksi (OYHİ), Schirmer I testi ve gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (GYKZ) değerlendirilerek karşılaştırıldı. Tedaviden önce ve sonra göz içi basıncı (GİB) değerleri de ölçüldü. Çalışmaya, geriatrik popülasyondaki tüm rinit olguları (alerjik ve nonalerjik) dâhil edildi. Bulgular: TNSS, OYHİ skoru, Schirmer ve GYKZ değerleri, nazal steroid (beklometazon dipropiyonat) tedavisinden sonra anlamlı derecede düzeldi (p<0,001). Sağ ve sol göz GİB değerlerinde anlamlı değişiklik saptanmadı (sırasıyla p=0,608; p=0,062). Sonuç: Önerilen dozlarda nazal steroid tedavisi; yaşlı erişkinlerde GİB'i etkilemeden, hem rinit hem de kuru göz semptomları için etkili olabilir, böylece kuru göz semptomları için birden fazla ilaca olan ihtiyacı azaltabilir. Çalışmamız, daha geniş serilerde tasarlanmış daha ileri çalışmalarla desteklenmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kuru göz; nazal steroid; yaşlı erişkinler; rinit; Schirmer testi
- Settipane RA. Other causes of rhinitis: mixed rhinitis, rhinitis medicamentosa, hormonal rhinitis, rhinitis of the elderly, and gustatory rhinitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2011;31(3):457-67. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Rodriguez K, Rubinstein E, Ferguson BJ. Clear anterior rhinorrhea in the population. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015;5(11):1063-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007;5(2): 75-92. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ezuddin NS, Alawa KA, Galor A. Therapeutic strategies to treat dry eye in an aging population. Drugs Aging. 2015;32(7):505-13. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Meltzer EO. Evaluating rhinitis: clinical, rhinomanometric, and cytologic assessments. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988;82(5 Pt 2):900-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- DeWester J, Philpot EE, Westlund RE, Cook CK, Rickard KA. The efficacy of intranasal fluticasone propionate in the relief of ocular symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2003;24(5):331-7. [PubMed]
- Schiffman RM, Christianson MD, Jacobsen G, Hirsch JD, Reis BL. Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(5):615-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Busse PJ, Kilaru K. Complexities of diagnosis and treatment of allergic respiratory disease in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 2009;26(1):1-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Yenigun A, Dadaci Z, Sahin GO, Elbay A. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and positive skin-prick test results in patients with dry eye. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016;30(2):e26-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, Jalbert I, Lekhanont K, Malet F, et al. TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3): 334-65. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Farrand KF, Fridman M, Stillman IÖ, Schaumberg DA. Prevalence of diagnosed dry eye disease in the United States among adults aged 18 years and older. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017; 182:90-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- American Academy of Ophthalmology Cornea/External Disease Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Dry Eye Syndro me. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2013. Cited: 22 February 2015. Available from: [Link]
- Foulks GN. Pharmacological management of dry eye in the elderly patient. Drugs Aging. 2008;25(2):105-18. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Koh S. Mechanisms of visual disturbance in dry eye. Cornea. 2016;35 Suppl 1:S83-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Perry HD, Donnenfeld ED. Topical 0.05% cyclosporin in the treatment of dry eye. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004;5(10):2099-107. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hong S, Kim T, Chung SH, Kim EK, Seo KY. Recurrence after topical nonpreserved methylprednisolone therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren's syndrome. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2007;23(1):78-82. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Jeppesen P, Krag S. [Steroid treatment and risk of glaucoma]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2014;176 (35):V02140111. Danish. [PubMed]
- Demoly P. Safety of intranasal corticosteroids in acute rhinosinusitis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2008;29(6):403-13. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Choi EY, Walton DS. Goniotomy for steroid-induced glaucoma: clinical and tonographic evidence to support therapeutic goniotomy. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2015;52(3): 183-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dykewicz MS, Fineman S, Skoner DP, Nicklas R, Lee R, Blessing-Moore J, et al. Diagnosis and management of rhinitis: complete guidelines of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters in Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998;81(5 Pt 2):478-518. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lin H, Yiu SC. Dry eye disease: A review of diagnostic approaches and treatments. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2014;28(3):173-81. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Thulasi P, Djalilian AR. Update in current diagnostics and therapeutics of dry eye disease. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(11S):S27-S33. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yang CQ, Sun W, Gu YS. A clinical study of the efficacy of topical corticosteroids on dry eye. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2006;7(8):675-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Jung HH, Ji YS, Sung MS, Kim KK, Yoon KC. Long-term outcome of treatment with topical corticosteroids for severe dry eye associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Chonnam Med J. 2015;51(1):26-32. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yenigun A, Elbay A, Dogan R, Ozturan O, Ozdemir MH. A pilot study investigating the impact of topical nasal steroid spray in allergic rhinitis patients with dry eye. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2018;176(2):157-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi