Objective: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) leads to a decrease in physical performance and a delay in return to sportive activities in elite athletes. Approximately 40% of the lateral ankle sprains result in CAI. The purpose of the current study was to compare the functionality of foot and ankle and health-related quality of life in elite athletes with or without CAI. Material and Methods: A total of 104 elite athletes 79 men, 25 women with (n=52) and without (n=52) CAI participated in this study. The functionality of the foot and ankle was determined using Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) FAAMactivity of daily living and FAAM-sports subscales. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the short form-12 (SF-12) physical and mental subscores. Results: FAAM-activity of daily living and FAAM-sport subscale scores of elite athletes with CAI were lower than athletes without CAI (p<0.05). The SF-12 physical and mental subscores differed between the 2 groups (p<0.05) and the most affected side was the dominant one in chronic ankle insatbility group. Conclusion: CAI causes functional performance decline and mental impairment by showing general and regional symptoms in the Professional athletic population. During the planning of the treatment and rehabilitation process, priority should be given to increase the perceived quality of life by diminishing the symptoms. In addition, focusing on multidimensional treatment approaches that take into account the level of mental health would be beneficial in increasing athletic performance.
Keywords: Chronic ankle instability; functionality; elite athlete; mental health; quality of life
Amaç: Kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi, profesyonel sporcuların spordan uzun süre uzak kalmalarına ve fiziksel performanslarına negatif etki etmektedir. Lateral ayak bileği instabilitelerinin yaklaşık %40'ı kronik ayak bileği instabilitesine dönüşmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi olan ve olmayan profesyonel sporcuların, ayak ve ayak bileği fonksiyonellik ve sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi etkilenimi açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya 25 kadın, 79 erkek olmak üzere toplam 104 katılımcı [kronik ayak bileği stabilitesi olan (n=52) ve olmayan (n=52)] katıldı. Katılımcıların ayak ve ayak bileği fonksiyonellik seviyesi Ayak Bileği Kullanılabilirlik Ölçüsü [Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)] Ölçeği'nin FAAM-günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ve FAAM-spor alt ölçekleri ile sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi kısa form-12'nin [short form-12 (SF-12)] fiziksel ve mental alt skorları ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi olan sporcuların, FAAM günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ve spor alt ölçekleri skorları bakımından olmayan sporculara göre anlamlı bir azalma gösterdiği görülmüştür (p<0,05). Katılımcıların SF-12'nin fiziksel ve mental alt skorları açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0,05) ve kronik ayak bileği instabilitesinin daha fazla dominant taraf ekstremitede görüldüğü saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi, profesyonel atletik popülasyonda genel ve bölgesel semptomlar göstererek, fonksiyonel performans düşüşüne ve mental etkilenime neden olmaktadır. Tedavi ve rehabilitasyon sürecinin planlanmasında kişiye özel semptomlar giderilerek, yaşam kalitesinin artırılması hedeflenmelidir. Ayrıca mental sağlık düzeyini dikkate alan çok yönlü tedavi yaklaşımlarına odaklanılması atletik performansın artırılmasında yararlı olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi; fonksiyonellik; elit sporcu; mental sağlık; yaşam kalitesi
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