Depresyon, dünya üzerinde 300 milyondan fazla kişide görülmekte olan yaygın bir duygudurum bozukluğu olarak bilinmektedir. Depresyonun oluşum sebepleri genetik özellikler veya çevresel özelliklerden kaynaklı olabilir. En önemli çevresel faktörlerden biri ise beslenme durumudur. Sosyoekonomik durum, çeşitli psikolojik etmenler, kronik hastalıklar, gebelik, postpartum, menopoz, stres faktörleri, uyku düzeni gibi birçok etkenin yanı sıra; yetersiz veya dengesiz bir beslenme alışkanlığı, kafein tüketim seviyesi vb. beslenmeye bağlı etmenler depresyon belirtilerinin oluşumunda önemli rol oynar. Öte yandan, vitamin ve mineraller başta olmak üzere belli başlı besin ögesi eksikliklerinin giderilmesi, depresyonun önlenmesini veya oluşumundan sonra tedavisini sağlayabilir. Beslenmeye bağlı etmenler arasında üzerine en fazla araştırılma yapılan konulardan biri mikronütrient eksiklikleridir. Hem vitamin hem de mineral eksiklikleri nörolojik yolakları ve nörolojik fonksiyonları etkileyen en önemli faktörler arasında bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple, vitamin ve minerallerin depresyonun önlenmesi ve tedavisinde görev alabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu alanda, özellikle mineraller konusunda oldukça fazla araştırma ve klinik çalışma yapılmış bulunmakta; ancak hâlâ kesin bir kanıya varabilmek için daha fazla veriye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Minerallerin nörolojik fonksiyonlar ve bu seviyede görev alan enzimler üzerindeki önemli etkisi günümüze dek birçok çalışmada ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli veri tabanları taranmış ve demir, çinko, bakır ve magnezyum elementlerinin depresyonun önlenmesindeki ve depresyon tedavisindeki rollerini araştıran yayınlar incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Depresyon; demir; çinko; bakır; magnezyum
Depression is a common mood disorder seen in over 300 million people worldwide. Causes of depression may be caused by genetic factors or environmental factors. Nutritional status is one of the most important environmental factors. In addition to many factors such as socioeconomic status, various psychological factors, chronic diseases, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause, stress factors, sleep patterns; nutrition-related factors such as inadequate or unbalanced nutritional habits, caffeine consumption levels and so on, play an important role in the development of depression symptoms. On the other hand, the elimination of certain nutrient deficiencies, especially vitamins and minerals, can prevent the development of or help treating depression. Among the factors related to nutrition, one of the most investigated subjects is micronutrient deficiencies. Both vitamin and mineral deficiencies are among the most important factors affecting neurological pathways and neurological functions. Therefore, it is thought that vitamins and minerals might be involved in the prevention and treatment of depression. Many researches and clinical studies have been done in this area, especially on minerals; however, there is still a need for more data to reach a definitive conclusion. The important effect of minerals on neurological functions and enzymes involved in this level has been demonstrated in many studies. In this review, various databases were scanned and publications investigating the roles of iron, zinc, copper and magnesium elements in the prevention of depression and the treatment of depression are examined.
Keywords: Depression; iron; zinc; copper; magnesium
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