Beslenme; hormonal yolakları, nörotransmitterleri ve sinyal yolaklarını aktive ederek iştah, uyku, enerji alımı, nörojenez, ödül mekanizmaları, bilişsel işlev ve ruh hâli gibi beyin fonksiyonlarını düzenlemektedir. Kronik olarak strese bağlı bozukluklarda tekrar yeme davranışının modüle olabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bazı besin ögeleri strese bağlı bozuklukları tetikleyebilmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalarda; folat, omega-3 yağ asitleri, tekli doymamış yağ asitleri, zeytinyağı, balık tüketimi, meyveler, sebzeler, fındıklar ve baklagiller bakımından zengin bir diyetin, azalmış depresyon riski ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. B grubu vitaminler ile D vitamini antioksidan yolaklar ve nörotransmitter yolaklar üzerindeki etkisi ile depresif semptomların önlenmesinde önemlidir. Buna karşılık yapılan diğer araştırmalarda; şekerli içecekler, rafine gıdalar, kızarmış yiyecekler, işlenmiş et, rafine tahıllar ve yağ oranı yüksek süt ürünleri, bisküvi, meze ve hamur işi tüketimini kapsayan sağlıksız batı tarzı beslenme alışkanlıklarının, artmış depresyon riski ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, besinlerin ve beslenme şeklinin depresyon gibi psikiyatrik sorunların tedavisinde rol oynayabileceği giderek yaygın bir görüş hâline gelmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Depresyon; fizyopatoloji; mineraller; vitaminler
Nutrition regulates hormonal pathways, neurotransmitters and signal pathways, and regulates brain functions such as appetite, sleep, energy intake, neurogenesis, reward mechanisms, cognitive function and mood. It has been determined that repeat eating behavior can be modulated in chronic stress related disorders. However, some nutrients can trigger stress-related disorders. Studies have shown that folate, omega-3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, olive oil, and fish consumption and a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes are associated with reduced risk of depression. Vitamin B and vitamin D are important in preventing depressive symptoms with their effects on antioxidant pathways and neurotransmitter pathways. In contrast, other studies have shown that unhealthy western-style eating habits, including sugary drinks, refined foods, fried foods, processed meat, refined grains, and high-fat dairy products, biscuits, appetizers, and pastries, are associated with an increased risk of depression. As a result, it is becoming an increasingly common view that nutrients and diet can play a role in the treatment of psychiatric problems such as depression.
Keywords: Depression; physiopathology; minerals; vitamins
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