Diş çürüğü; bilimsel gelişmeler, ağız hijyen alışkanlıklarındaki iyileşme ve yeni koruyucu ajanların artışına rağmen birçok ülkede önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Son 30 yılda, diş çürüğü ve çürüğün ilerleyişi hakkındaki bilgiler kayda değer biçimde artmıştır. Diş sert dokularında meydana gelen demineralizasyon ve remineralizasyon, ağız içinde belirli bir denge hâlindedir ve bu dengenin demineralizasyon yönünde bozulması, çürük oluşumunu başlatmaktadır. Demineralizasyon ve remineralizasyon süreçlerinden oluşan döngü, çürüğün prognozunu belirlemektedir. Demineralizasyon, minenin kristal yapıdaki yüzeyinden başlarken, remineralizasyon ise bu kavitasyon gözlenmeyen lezyonların doğal olarak onarılması olarak tanımlanabilir. Son 20 yılda yapılan çürük araştırmaları, çürük lezyonların remineralizasyonu üzerine odaklanmıştır. Minimal girişimsel diş hekimliği, tam olarak bu noktada, özellikle çürük lezyonu oluşmadan, diş sert dokularını korumaya ve mevcut demineralize/hipomineralize alanları remineralize etmeye yönelir. Remineralizasyon, temelde tükürük içerisindeki iyonlar aracılığıyla gerçekleşirken, çeşitli yöntem ve uygulamalarla remineralizasyon artırılabilmektedir. Klinik olarak, farklı iyon teknolojileri, çeşitli biyoaktif ajanlar, şeker alkolleri, kalsiyum ve fosfat kaynaklı ajanlar ve bitkisel ürünler, remineralizasyonu sağlamada kullanılabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, minimal girişimsel diş hekimliği kapsamında kullanılan güncel demineralizasyon engelleyici ve remineralizasyon sağlayıcı ajanlarla bu ürünlerle ilgili yapılan araştırmaların sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Başlangıç çürük lezyonlarıyla demineralize/hipomineralize alanların remineralizasyonu için yeni ürün ve yöntemlerin gelişimi, diş hekimliğine yeni tedavi seçenekleri ve faydalar sunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Remineralizasyon; demineralizasyon; koruyucu diş hekimliği
Despite advances in scientific knowledge, improved hygiene regimens and the increasing of new commercial preventative agents, dental caries continues to be a major public health problem in most countries. Over the last 30 years, there has been considerable increase in knowledge and understanding of the progress of caries through tooth structure. Demineralization and remineralization in the oral cavity is in equilibrium and deterioration of balance in favor of demineralization commences the development of caries. The caries process is resulting from many cycles of demineralization and remineralization. Demineralization begins at the crystal surface of the enamel and remineralization is the natural repair process for non-cavitated lesions. In the past two decades, caries research has been focused on the methodology for remineralization of carious lesions. At this point, minimal intervention dentistry tends to preserve dental hard tissues especially without the formation of caries lesions and remineralize existing demineralized/hypomineralized areas. Remineralization is naturally achieved by salivary ions, and it can be enhanced by various methods and applications. There are several caries preventive agents and remineralization agents used in dental clinic, such as ionic technologies, various bioactive agents, sugar alcohols, calcium-phosphate based materials and herbal agents. In this review, it is aimed to present the current demineralization preventive agents and remineralization agents used in minimal intervention dentistry and the researches about these products. The continued development of new agents and methods for remineralization of white spots lesions and demineralized/hypomineralized lesions offers new therapeutic options and benefits to the dental profession.
Keywords: Remineralization; demineralization; preventive dentistry
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