Objective: Healthcare professionals (HP) play a role in vaccine acceptance as they influence people's decisions by sharing their personal experiences. The study was aimed to determine the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine literacy (VL) and vaccine hesitancy (VH) level among HP in Türkiye, their relationship and influencing factors. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional online study was applied to 1,111 HP between 15.02.2022-15.03.2022. The sociodemographic data form, COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale (CVLS), and Vaccine Hesitancy Scale-long form (VHS) were used. Sociodemographic characteristics, questions about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines were considered as independent variables, while VL and VH were considered as dependent variables. Results: Of the participants, 33.8% (n=376) were physicians, 25.2% (n=280) were nurses/midwives and 41.0% (n=455) were other HP. The CVLS functional mean score of HP was 2.6±0.7 and the interactivecritical mean score was 3.0±0.6. The VHS mean score was 44.6±16.3. Being a physician (p <0.001 for functional, p=0.002 for interactive-critical) and thinking that the origin of the coronavirus is a natural source from animals (p=0.029 for functional, p<0.001 for interactive-critical) were the factors that increased VL. Being a physician (p<0.001) and having high CVLS mean scores (p<0.001 for functional and interactive-critical) were the factors that decreased the VH. There was a weak negative correlation between VL and VH levels (r=-0.223 for functional, r=-0.323 for interactive-critical) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Considering that high VL level decreased VH level, it is obvious that the knowledge level of HP about COVID-19 vaccines should be increased.
Keywords: Health literacy; COVID-19 vaccine; vaccine hesitancy; medical staff
Amaç: Sağlık çalışanları [healthcare professionals (HP)], aşı ile ilgili kişisel deneyimlerini paylaşarak insanların kararlarını etkiledikleri için aşının kabul edilmesinde rol oynarlar. Çalışma, Türkiye'deki HP'ler arasında koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] aşı okuryazarlığı [vaccine literacy (VL)] ve aşı tereddütü [vaccine hesitancy VH)] düzeyi, birbirleriyle ilişkisi ve etkileyen etmenleri belirlemeyi amaçladı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çevrim içi çalışma 15.02.2022- 15.03.2022 tarihleri arasında 1.111 HP'ye uygulandı. Sosyodemografik veri formu, COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği [COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale (CVLS)] ve Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği-uzun formu [Vaccine Hesitancy Scale VHS)] kullanıldı. VL ve VH bağımlı değişkenler olarak, sosyodemografik özellikler, COVID-19 ve COVID-19 aşılarıyla ilgili sorular bağımsız değişkenler olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %33,8'i (n=376) hekim, %25,2'si (n=280) hemşire/ebe ve %41,0'ı (n=455) diğer HP idi. HP'nin CVLS fonksiyonel ortalama skoru 2,6±0,7 ve interaktif-kritik ortalama skoru 3,0±0,6 idi. VHS ortalama skoru 44,6±16,3 idi. Hekim olmak (fonksiyonel için p <0,001, etkileşimli-kritik için p=0,002) ve koronavirüsün kaynağının hayvanlardan geldiğini düşünmek (fonksiyonel için p=0,029, etkileşimli-kritik için p<0,001) VL'yi artıran faktörlerdi. Hekim olmak (p<0,001) ve CVLS ortalama puanlarının yüksek olması (fonksiyonel ve etkileşimli-kritik için p<0,001) VH'yi azaltan faktörlerdi. VL ile VH düzeyleri arasında zayıf negatif bir ilişki vardı (fonksiyonel için r=-0,223, etkileşimli-kritik için r=-0,323) (p<0,001). Sonuç: Yüksek VL düzeyinin VH düzeyini azalttığı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, HP'nin COVID-19 aşıları hakkındaki bilgi düzeyinin artırılması gerektiği açıktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık okuryazarlığı; COVID-19 aşısı; aşı tereddütü; sağlık çalışanları
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