Yüzyıllardır ortaya çıkan salgın hastalıklar, sağlık sistemlerini derinden etkilemiştir. Güçlü ekonomiye ve sağlık sistemlerine sahip olan ülkelerde dahi salgınla mücadelede ciddi sorunlar yaşanmıştır. Günümüzde de koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] salgınıyla birlikte Avrupa ve Amerika'daki gelişmiş ülkelerde mücadele konusunda şaşırtıcı performans yetersizliklerinin sergilendiği görülmektedir. Bu sebeple salgınlara yönelik sağlık sistemlerinin performansının değerlendirilmesi politika yapıcılarının, hizmet sunucularının ve halkın öncelikli alanı hâline gelmiştir. Pandemi sürecinde ülkelerin sağlık sistemi performansının değerlendirilmesi, gelecekte benzer durumlar için hazırlık yapmak ve iyileştirmeler sağlamak için önem arz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı, 'tespit ve karantina, COVID-19 haricî diğer sağlık hizmetlerinin devamlılığı, kişisel koruyucu ekipman yeterliliği, uluslararası koordinasyon, sosyal güvence kapsamı, sağlık bilgi sistemleri kullanımı ve bilgi paylaşımı, risk ve kaygı yönetimi, aşılama faaliyetleri' olarak 8 başlık altında başarılı ve başarısız ülke örnekleriyle sağlık sistemlerinin salgınlarla mücadelede nasıl bir performans sergilemesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktır. Amaç doğrultusunda literatürdeki makale, rapor, resmî web sayfaları, haber kaynakları incelenerek bir derleme çalışma sunulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, küresel pandemiler ile mücadelede sağlık sistemlerinin performansını artırmak için toplum temelli sağlık hizmetlerinin önceliklendirilmesi, sosyal bir politika yaklaşımının benimsenmesi, ileri teknoloji kullanımı sağlanması, halkın, sağlık çalışanlarının güveninin sağlanması, sosyal destek imkânlarının artırılması, liderler tarafından tedbirlerin öneminin itinayla vurgulanması, küresel yönetişimin desteklenmesi, kişisel koruyucu ekipman temininde esnek tedarik zinciri planlarının düzenlenmesi gerektiği görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; pandemi; sağlık sistemleri; performans
Epidemics that have emerged for centuries have deeply affected health systems. Even in countries with strong economies and health systems, serious problems have been experienced in fight against the epidemic. Today, with the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, surprising performance inadequacies are observed in developed countries in Europe and America. For this reason, evaluating the performance of health systems against epidemics has become the priority area of policy makers, service providers and the public. Evaluating health system performance of countries during pandemic process is important to prepare for similar situations in future and to provide improvements. In this context, aim of the study is reveal how health systems should perform in fight against epidemics with examples of successful and unsuccessful countries under 8 headings as 'detection and quarantine, continuity of other health services other than COVID19, personal protective equipment adequacy, international coordination, scope of social security, health information systems and information sharing, risk and anxiety management, vaccination activities'. For the purpose, a compilation study was presented by examining the articles, reports, official web pages and news sources in the literature. As a result of study, it has been seen that in order to increase performance of health systems in fight against global pandemics, should be prioritizing community-based health services, adopting a social policy approach, ensuring use of advanced technology, ensuring trust of the public and health workers, increasing social support opportunities, emphasizing the importance of measures by leaders, supporting global governance, arranging flexible supply chain plans for the procurement of personal protective equipment.
Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; healthcare systems; performance
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