Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID19)], 2019 yılının son uluslararası sağlık acil durumudur. Çin'in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan bu hastalık, kısa zaman içerisinde tüm dünyada hızlıca yayılım özelliği göstererek milyonlarca insanın hasta olmasına, yüz binlerce insanın hayatını kaybetmesine neden olmuştur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilen COVID-19'un etkeni, yeni tip bir CoV olarak tanımlanan, şiddetli akut solunum sendromu-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] virüsüdür. COVID-19, CoV ailesinin sebep olduğu ilk pandemi olarak tarihe geçmiştir. COVID-19 pandemisi ile mücadele için dünyanın her yerinde SARS-CoV-2 virüsü ile ilgili araştırmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Henüz tam olarak bilinmeyen bu hastalık, asemptomatik seyredebileceği gibi ağır solum yolu yetersizliğine, çoklu organ yetersizliklerine ve ölüme sebep olabilmektedir. Hastalığın görülen en yaygın semptomları ateş, nefes darlığı ve kuru öksürüktür. COVID19'un spesifik tedavisi ve aşısı olmadığından dolayı ampirik ve destekleyici tedavi yaklaşımı uygulanmaktadır. COVID-19 yayılımının kontrolü için, kişiler arası temasın azaltılması, olası ve kesin vakaların izolasyonu, kişisel koruyucu ekipmanların doğru ve etkin kullanılması büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu mücadelenin etkin bir şekilde yürütülebilmesi için ülkemizde pandemi hastaneleri kurulmuştur. Dünyadaki ve ülkemizdeki güncel veriler kullanılarak oluşturulan bu çalışma ile COVID-19 pandemisinin etiyolojisi, epidemiyolojisi, bulaşma yolları, hastalığının tanı kriterleri, klinik seyri ve tedavi yaklaşımları, hastalıktan korunmak için alınması gereken izolasyon tedbirleri, kişisel koruyucu ekipman prosedürleri ve SARS-CoV-2 virüsü ile kontaminasyon durumunda takip edilmesi gereken prosedürler tartışılarak, sağlık çalışanlarına rehberlik etmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemi; izolasyon
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the last international health crisis of 2019. This disease first appeared in Wuhan, China. The disease spread rapidly all over the world in a short time, causing millions of people to get sick and hundreds of thousands of people to die. It was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The cause of COVID-19 disease is severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is defined as a new type of coronavirus. This disease has made history as the first pandemic caused by the coronavirus family. As part of combating this pandemic, researches on the SARS-CoV-2 virus have begun all over the world. This disease, which is full of unknowns, can progress asymptomatically and cause severe respiratory failures, multiple organ failures and deaths. The most common symptoms of the disease are fever, shortness of breath, and dry cough. Since there is no specific treatment and vaccine for COVID-19, empirical and supportive treatment approach is used. For the control of COVID-19 spread, it is important reducing contact between people, isolation of possible and precise cases, correct and effective use of personal protective equipment. In order to carry out this struggle effectively, pandemic hospitals have been established in our country. This article, which was created by using current data in the world and in our country. We discussed etiology, epidemiology, transmission routes, diagnostic criteria, clinical course and treatment approaches of the COVID-19 disease, isolation measures to be protected from the disease, personal protective equipment procedures and procedures to be followed in case of contamination with the SARS-CoV-2 virus to guide healthcare professionals.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; isolation
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