Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde pandemi ilan edilmesini takiben yapılan araştırmalara karşın hâlen onaylanmış bir tedavisi bulunamamış olan koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)], dünya çapında yayılmaya ve hastalığa bağlı ölüm vakaları artmaya devam etmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasının yazıldığı tarih olan 26 Ağustos 2020 itibarıyla dünya çapında toplam 23.918.447 kişinin COVID-19 pozitif olduğu ve 819.945 kişinin öldüğü belirlenmiştir. Henüz hastalık etkeni şiddetli akut solunum sendromu-koronavirüs-2'ye karşı tedavide kullanılabilecek bilinen bir molekül bulunmadığından, başka viral hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan, etkinliği ve güvenliliği onaylanmış yöntemler ile ilgili birçok klinik araştırma devam etmektedir. Ayrıca birçok ülke eş zamanlı olarak olası aşı seçenekleri ile ilgili preklinik ve klinik araştırmaları sürdürmektedir. Ancak hastalığın yayılma hızı ve enfekte olduktan sonra özellikle riskli gruplarda çok kısa sürede morbiditenin gerçekleşmesi, yüksek dozlarda veya kombinasyonlar şeklinde tedavi uygulanmasını gerektirmekte, bu da advers etki görülme riskini artırmaktadır. Hastalığın keşfinden günümüze kadar gelen birçok tedavi seçeneği, hastalarda meydana gelen ciddi toksisite sebebiyle tedavi protokollerinden kaldırılmıştır. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, DSÖ'nün önerdiği ve sahada sıklıkla tercih edilen tedavi yöntemlerinin kullanım şekilleri ve olası toksisiteleri ile ilgili bir literatür özeti yapmaktır. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen etken madde ve diğer muhtemel tedavi yöntemleri, DSÖ'nün yürüttüğü 'Solidarity Trial' isimli kapsamlı ve uluslararası klinik araştırmaya dâhil edilen ayrıca doktorlar, eczacılar ve bilim insanları tarafından en çok tartışılanlar arasından seçilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; koronavirüs; SARS-COV-2; toksisite
Despite the research conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) following the pandemic declaration on March 11, 2020, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which has not yet found an approved treatment, continues to spread worldwide and increases the number of deaths due to the disease. As of August 26, 2020, a total of 23,918,447 people were COVID-19 positive and there were 819,945 deaths globally. Since there is no treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, many clinical studies are going on with previous methods which have approved efficacy and safety and used in the treatment of other viral diseases. In addition, many countries simultaneously conduct preclinical and clinical studies on possible vaccine options. However, the rate of spread of the disease and the occurrence of morbidity in a very short time after infection, especially in high risk groups, require high doses or combinations of treatment which increases the risk of adverse effects. Since the discovery of the disease, many treatment options have been removed from treatment protocols due to severe toxicity in patients. The purpose of this review is to make a literature summary on commonly used and recommended treatment options by WHO and their possible toxicities. The medicine options and other possible treatment methods included in the study were selected among the ones that were included in the comprehensive and international clinical study called "Solidarity Trial" conducted by WHO, and also among the most discussed by doctors, pharmacists and scientists.
Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; SARS-COV-2; toxicity
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