Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been called the 'mushroom of immortality' for 2.000 years. The mushroom is composed of bioactive components, such as various proteins, sterols, lectins, and fatty acids, including polysaccharides and triterpenoids. The bioactive components of G. lucidum, as a medical mushroom, has been widely used to improve public health and to treat diseases in many populations for a long time. Clinical and pharmacological studies showed that G. lucidum is composed of hundreds of bioactive components with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiaging, antiviral, antitumor, antiobesity, and protective effects on the liver and neurons and against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) through different parts of the mushroom, such as the fruit, mycelium, and spores. In addition, the components of G. lucidum are one of the important prebiotics used to strengthen the bacterial flora. The prebiotic property of G. lucidum is thought to be due to the presence of various polysaccharides. It does not show any negative or toxic effect while exhibiting its potential health effects and its cost is lower than drugs. It prevents the formation and progression of various diseases. Further study will benefit the determination of the efficacy of G. lucidum, the elucidation of other possible biological activities, the development of recommendations, and the provision of evidence in relation to other diseases. In this study; bioactive components and health effects of G. Lucidum were reviewed through selected web sites including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar.
Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; antioxidants; immunomodulation; anti-obesity agents; toxicity
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), 2000 yıldır 'ölümsüzlük mantarı' olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu mantar; polisakkaritler ve triterpenoitler dahil olmak üzere çeşitli proteinler, steroller, lektinler ve yağ asitleri gibi biyoaktif bileşenlerden oluşmaktadır. Tıbbi bir mantar olarak G. lucidum'un biyoaktif bileşenleri, halk sağlığını geliştirmek ve birçok popülasyondaki hastalıkları tedavi etmek için yaygın olarak birçok ülkede kullanılmaktadır. İnsan sağlığını koruması ve birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılması nedeniyle G. lucidum'un toz formu, çayları, kahvesi, diyet suplemanı gibi sayısız çeşidi piyasaya sürülmüştür. Klinik ve farmakolojik çalışmalar G. lucidum'un meyve, miselyum ve sporlar gibi farklı kısımlarından elde edilen biyoaktif bileşenlerinin güçlü anti-kanser aktivitesinin olduğunu, tümör oluşmadan önce kanser hücrelerini arayabilen ve yok edebilen bağışıklık sistemini geliştirdiği, immünomodülatör, antioksidant, antiaging, antiviral, antidiyabetik, antiobezite, nöronlar, karaciğer ve İnsan İmmün Yetmezlik Virüsü (HIV)/Kazanılmış Bağışıklık Yetersizliği Sendromu (AIDS)'e karşı koruyucu etkisinin olduğu bildirilmektedir. Ayrıca, G. lucidum'un bileşenleri, bakteri florasını güçlendirmek için kullanılan önemli prebiyotiklerden biridir. G. lucidum'un prebiyotik özelliğinin, çeşitli polisakaritlerin varlığından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Olası sağlık etkilerini gösterirken herhangi bir olumsuz ve toksik etki göstermemekte ve maliyeti açısından da ilaçlardan daha avantajlı olmaktadır. İleriki çalışmalar, G. lucidum'un etkinliğinin, diğer olası biyolojik aktivitelerin aydınlatılmasının, önerilerin geliştirilmesinin ve diğer hastalıklarla ilgili kanıtların sağlanmasının belirlenmesinde faydalı olacaktır. Bu derlemede; G. lucidum'un biyoaktif bileşenleri ve sağlık etkileri MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, www.Clinical Trials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar gibi seçilmiş web siteleri aracılığıyla irdelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ganoderma lucidum; antioksidanlar; immünmodülasyon; antiobezite ajanları; zehirlilik
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