Aşırı kilolu, obez çocuk ve gençlerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyini artırmaya yönelik yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar, en önemli sorunlardan birinin zaman eksikliği olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca sporcu çocuk ve gençlerin antrenman hacmi erişkinlere kıyasla daha düşüktür. Yüksek şiddetli aralıklı antrenmanlar (YŞAA), zaman açısından ekonomik olması ve kısa zamanda yüksek performans artışı sağlaması nedeniyle uzun süredir uygulanan bir antrenman yöntemidir. Literatürde çoğunlukla erişkinler üzerine yapılan çalışmalar bulunsa da çocuklarda ve gençlerde de YŞAA araştırmalarının sayısı artış göstermektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, çocuklar ve gençler üzerine yapılan YŞAA araştırmalarının faydalarını ve olası risklerini güncel literatür eşliğinde açıklamaktır. Konuyla ilgili çalışmalar 'Web of Science', 'Scopus', 'PubMed', 'EBSCO' ve 'ULAKBİM' elektronik veri tabanlarında taranmıştır. YŞAA uygulamalarının çocuklarda veya gençlerde fiziksel ve zihinsel performansa etkilerini araştıran akut ve kronik çalışmalar incelenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda, katılımcıların cinsiyet, vücut ağırlığı, sporcu veya sedanter olmaları ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile ilgili bir sınır gözetilmemiştir. Sonuç olarak YŞAA'nın çocuklarda ve gençlerde atletik performans parametreleri, genel sağlık belirteçleri ve zihinsel becerileri iyileştirmede faydalı olduğu birçok bilimsel çalışma tarafından kanıtlanmıştır. Ancak egzersiz şiddetinin yüksek olması beraberinde bazı riskleri getirmektedir. Yapılan az sayıdaki çalışmalar, yüksek şiddette ve yoğunlukta yapılan aralıklı antrenmanların, hücresel düzeyde riskli durumlar meydana getirebileceğini bildirmiştir. Ayrıca yüksek şiddette yapılan egzersizler, kas-iskelet sisteminde meydana gelebilecek yaralanma riskini de artırmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Atletik performans; egzersiz; obezite; sağlık; yüksek şiddetli aralıklı antrenman
Studies conducted to increase the physical activity level of obese children and youth emphasize that one of the most important problems is the lack of time. In addition, the training volume of athletic children and young people is lower than adults. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a training method that has been applied for a long time because it is economical in terms of time and provides a highperformance increase in a short time. Although there are studies mostly on adults in the literature, the number of HIIT studies in children and young people is increasing. The purpose of this review is to explain the benefits and possible risks of HIIT research on children and young people in light of current literature. Studies on the subject were searched in 'Web of Science', 'Scopus', 'PubMed', 'EBSCO', and 'ULAKBIM' electronic databases. Acute and chronic studies investigating the effects of HIIT on physical and mental performance in children or young people were reviewed. In the studies examined, no limit was observed regarding the gender, body weight, being an athlete or sedentary, and physical activity levels of the participants. As a result, it has been proven by many scientific studies that HIIT is beneficial in improving athletic performance parameters, general health markers, and mental skills in children and youth. However, high exercise intensity also brings some risks. Few studies have reported that HIIT may create risky situations at the cellular level. In addition, high-intensity exercises increase the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system.
Keywords: Athletic performance; exercise; obesity; health; high-intensity interval training
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