Direnç karşısında yapılan etkinliklerin çocukların kemik kütlesine ve gelişimine olumlu etkileri olduğunu söyleyen raporların varlığına rağmen, direnç egzersizlerinin büyüyen kemikler üzerinde zararlı etkiler yarattığı algısı yanlış da olsa devam etmektedir. Özellikle uzun vadeli sporsal gelişimde ilerleyen antrenman dönemleri için bir temel oluşturması amacıyla direnç alıştırmalarının temel tekniğini öğrenmek çocuklar ve gençler için gereklidir. Halk sağlığı ve spor alanında çalışan kişiler arasında ve de halk arasında çocuk ve gençlerde direnç antrenmanlarıyla ilgili temel olarak beş batıl inanç bulunmaktadır: i) Androjen hormonları (erkekleştirici hormonları) yetersiz olduğundan çocuklarda kuvvet gelişimi gerçekleşmez, ii) Direnç antrenmanları çocuk ve gençlerin kemiklerindeki büyüme plaklarına zarar vererek büyümeyi engeller, iii) Direnç antrenmanları, çocuk ve gençler için güvenli değildir ve yaralanmalara yol açar, iv) Direnç antrenmanları, çocuk ve gençleri hantallaştırır. Çocuk ve gençlerin esneklik ve sürat yetilerini olumsuz etkiler, v) Çocuk ve gençler sadece vücut ağırlıklarını kullanarak direnç antrenmanı yapmalıdırlar. Bilimsel araştırmalardan elde edilen veriler yukarıda bahsedilen bu inanışların doğru olmadıklarını göstermektedir. Çeşitli bilimsel kurumların çocuk ve gençlere yönelik direnç antrenmanlarıyla ilgili yapmış olduğu vurgular da bu antrenmanların bu yaş grubu için ne kadar önemli olduğuna işaret etmektedir. "The British Association of Exercise and Sports Science" kurumunun önerisi bu açıdan bir örnek olarak göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır: "Bütün çocuklar ve gençler güvenli direnç antrenmanlarına haftada en az iki kere katılmalıdır. Direnç antrenmanları bütünsel antrenmanın ve beden eğitiminin bir parçası olmalıdır."
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kuvvet antrenmanı; gençler; kemik büyümesi; miyelinleşme; yaralanma
Despite the existing reports indicating positive effects of activities performed against resistance on bone mass and bone development of children, the perception that resistance training has detrimental effects on growing bones continues even if it is wrong. From a long term athlete development perspective, learning basic techniques of resistance training exercises is necessary for children and adolescence to form a solid foundation for forthcoming training periods. There are five basic superstitions related to resistance training in children and adolescence among people working in the field of public health and sports: i) Strength development does not take place in children due to their insufficient androgen (male) hormones, ii) Resistance training avoids growth by damaging growth plates of bones in children and adolescence, iii) Resistance training leads to injury and is not safe for children and adolescence, iv) Resistance training makes children and adolescence lump. Resistance training affects their flexibility and speed abilities negatively, v) Children and adolescence should only use their own body weight to perform resistance training. The results of scientific studies demonstrate that above mentioned superstitions are not true. Several scientific foundations emphasize the importance of resistance training in children and adolescence. Recommendation of The British Association of Exercise and Sports Science should be considered as an example: "All young people should be encouraged to participate in safe and effective resistance exercise at least twice a week. Resistance exercise program should be part of a balanced exercise and physical education programme."
Keywords: Strength training; youth; skeletal growth; myelination; injury
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