Objective: Nephrolithiasis is a health problem that leads to frequent hospital admission in children. There are risk factors for stone development such as anatomical problems leading to urinary stasis, infections, and some metabolic abnormalities. This study involved the assessment of clinical and laboratory information from pediatric patients, with an analysis of factors that could impact treatment outcomes. Material and Methods: In this study, the clinical and laboratory records of children aged 0-18 years diagnosed with nephrolithiasis were retrospectively analyzed. The assessments of patients' information with resolved or persistent kidney stones were compared, identifying risk factors for persistence. Results: This study included 278 patients, with a slight female predominance (male/female: 1/1.17) and a mean age of 4.9 years (0.1-17.5 years). Most patients (29.5%) were diagnosed incidentally. Approximately half of the patients (45.3%) had at least 1 metabolic risk factor, hyperoxaluria is the most common one (18.7%). More than half of the patients (57.9%) have microlithiasis. The frequency of microlithiasis increases in males, younger age, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia. Overall treatment success rate is 60.8%, and it is higher in males, microlithiasis, left nephrolithiasis, and in the absence of hyperoxaluria or hypocitraturia. Conclusion: Metabolic examinations should be performed in every patient regardless of stone size. Treatment success can be predicted according to the underlying metabolic risk factor and individualized treatment becomes important. Since microlithiasis may improve spontaneously, the need for medical treatment should be evaluated individually for each patient.
Keywords: Metabolic diseases; nephrolithiasis; urolithiasis; pediatrics
Amaç: Nefrolitiyazis çocuklarda sık hastaneye başvuruya neden olan bir sağlık sorunudur. Üriner staza yol açan anatomik sorunlar, enfeksiyonlar ve bazı metabolik anormallikler taş oluşumu için risk faktörleridir. Bu çalışma, böbrek taşı olan çocuklarda tedavi sonuçlarını etkileyebilecek faktörlerin analizi ile klinik ve laboratuvar bulguların değerlendirilmesini içermektedir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada nefrolitiyazis tanısı konulan 0-18 yaş arası çocukların klinik ve laboratuvar kayıtları retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Takip süresi sonunda, böbrek taşları çözülmüş veya devam eden hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar bilgileri karşılaştırılarak taşların kalıcılığını etkileyen risk faktörleri belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya böbrek taşı olan 278 pediatrik hasta dâhil edilmiş olup, kız cinsiyeti daha baskın saptanmıştır (erkek/kız: 1/1,17) ve ortalama yaş 4,9 yıldır (0,1-17,5 yıl). En sık tanı (%29,5) insidental olarak konulmuştur. Hastaların yaklaşık yarısında (%45,3) en az 1 metabolik risk faktörü vardır, hiperoksalüri en yaygın olanıdır (%18,7). Hastaların yarısından fazlasında (%57,9) mikrolitiazis mevcuttur. Mikrolitiazis sıklığı erkeklerde, genç yaşta, hiperkalsiüri, hiperürikozüri ve hipositratüride artmaktadır. Genel tedavi başarısı %60,8'dir ve erkeklerde, mikrolitiaziste, sol nefrolitiyaziste ve hiperoksalüri veya hipositratüri yokluğunda daha yüksektir. Sonuç: Taş boyutuna bakılmaksızın her hastada metabolik incelemeler yapılmalıdır. Altta yatan metabolik risk faktörüne göre tedavi başarısı öngörülebilir ve bireyselleştirilmiş tedavi önem kazanır. Mikrolitiazis spontan olarak iyileşebileceğinden, medikal tedavi ihtiyacı her hasta için ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Metabolik hastalıklar; nefrolitiyazis; ürolitiyazis; pediatri
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