Amaç: Non-arteritik ön iskemik optik nöropati (NA-ÖİON)' li hastaların klinik ve demografik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ulucanlar Göz Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Nöro-oftalmoloji Bölümüne, 2006-2017 yılları arasında başvuran 229 NA-ÖİON'li olgunun bulguları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalığın ortaya çıkış yaşı, cinsiyet, tutulan göz, eşlik eden sistemik hastalıklar, medikal tedavi, takip süresi, ilk ve son vizitteki en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği (EİDGK), görme alanı kaybının tipi, oküler risk faktörleri kayıt altına alındı. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 229 hastanın 245 gözü dâhil edildi. Hastaların 98 (%42,8)'i kadın, 131 (%57,2)'i erkekti. İki göz tutulumu gösteren 34 (%14,8) hasta mevcuttu. Hastalığın ortaya çıkış yaşı 59,7±9,6 yıl, takip süresi ortanca değeri ise 8 (4-132) aydı. Hastaların 43 (%18,7)'ünde ortaya çıkış yaşı <50 yıl idi. Son vizitteki EİDGK, başlangıç değeri ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış izlendi. Sistemik hastalıklardan en sık, diabetes mellitus (%20,8) ve hipertansiyon (%13,5) mevcuttu. Genç hastalarda sistemik hastalık olmaksızın, oküler risk faktörlerinin daha ön planda ve sonuç EİDGK'nin daha iyi olduğu tespit edildi. Takip süresi boyunca hiç ilaç almayan 42 (%17,1), aspirin verilen 141 (%57,5), oral ya da intravenöz steroid tedavisi alan 16 (%6,5) göz mevcuttu. Topikal tedavi olarak brimonidin ve/veya koenzim Q10 uygulanan göz sayısı 66 (%26,9) idi. Tedavi grupları için son vizitteki EİDGK değerlendirildiğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Sonuç: Orta ve ileri yaşta kalıcı görme keskinliği kaybına sebep olan NA-ÖİON'li hastalarda ileri yaşta diabetes mellitus ve hipertansiyon en önemli risk faktörü olarak karşımıza çıkarken daha genç yaşta oküler risk faktörleri ön plandadır. Yine, genç yaş grubunda daha iyi görsel sonuçlar karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Başlama yaşı; görme keskinliği; iskemik optik nöropati
Objective: To investigate of clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION). Material and Methods: The data of 229 patients with NA-AION who applied to the Department of Neuro-ophthalmology of Ulucanlar Eye Hospital between 2006-2017 were evaluated, retrospectively. Age of onset of the disease, gender, laterality, co-existing systemic diseases, medical treatments, follow-up period, the best corrected visual acuities (BCVA) at the first and final visit, type of the visual field loss, ocular risk factors were recorded. Results: The study included 245 eyes of 229 patients. The study group consisted of 98 (42.8%) female, 131 (57.2%) male. The second eye involved in 34 (14.8%) of the patients. The medium age of onset of the disease was 59.7±9.6 years, the median follow-up period was 8 (4-132) months. The NAION is onset under 50 years in 43 (18.7%) of all patients. There was statistically significant increase in BCVA at the final visit when compared to baseline. The most common systemic diseases were diabetes mellitus (20.8%) and hypertension (13.5%). In young patients without systemic disease, ocular risk factors were more prominent and outcome of BCVA was better than older ages at the final visit. During the follow-up period, no medication was given in 42 (17.1%), aspirin in 141 (57.5%) oral or intravenous steroids in 16 (6.5%) eyes. The eyes treated with brimonidine and/or coenzyme Q10 as topical treatment were 66 (26.9%). There was no statistically significant difference between treatment modalities for each treatment groups at the final visit. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension are the most important risk factors in NA-AION, which causes permanent loss of visual acuity in the middle and older ages, while ocular risk factors are in the younger ages. Also, younger patients have better final visual acuity.
Keywords: Age of onset; visual acuity; ischemic optic neuropathy
- Hattenhauer MG, Leavitt JA, Hodge DO, Grill R, Gray DT. Incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123(1):103-7. [Crossref]
- Hayreh SS, Joos KM, Podhajsky PA, Long CR. Systemic diseases associated with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118(6):766-80. [Crossref]
- Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: time of onset of visual loss. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124(5):641-7. [Crossref]
- Behbehani R, Mathews MK, Sergott RC, Savino PJ. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients with sleep apnea while being treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139(3):518-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lee AG, Newman NJ. Erectile dysfunction drugs and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(4):707-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pomeranz HD, Bhavsar AR. Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy developing soon after use of sildenafil (viagra): a report of seven new cases. J Neuroophthalmol. 2005;25(1):9-13. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pomeranz HD, Smith KH, Hart WM Jr, Egan RA. Sildenafil-associated nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(3):584-7. [Crossref]
- Cunningham AV, Smith KH. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with viagra. J Neuroophthalmol. 2001;21(1):22-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Servilla KS, Groggel GC. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy as a complication of hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1986;8(1):61-3. [Crossref]
- Stoffelns BM. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy due to abdominal hemorrhage after laparotomy for uterine myoma. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010;281(1):157-60. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Felekis T, Kolaitis NI, Kitsos G, Vartholomatos G, Bourantas KL, Asproudis I. Thrombophilic risk factors in the pathogenesis of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;248(6):877-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB. Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: role of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246(7):1029-46. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group. Optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is not effective and may be harmful. JAMA. 1995;273(8):625-32. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Tria Research Group. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial: twenty-four-month update. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(6):793-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gruener AM, Chang JR, Bosley TM, Al-Sadah ZM, Kum C, McCulley TJ. Relative frequencies of arteritic and nonarteritic anterior ıischemic optic neuropathy in an Arab population. J Neuroophthalmol. 2017;37(4):382-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Falavarjani KG, Sanjari MS, Modarres M, Aghamohammadi F. Clinical profile of patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy presented to a referral center from 2003 to 2008. Arch Iran Med. 2009;12(5):472-7.
- Lee JY, Park KA, Oh SY. Prevalence and incidence of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(7):936-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB. Incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(9):1763-72. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bawazir A, Gharebaghi R, Hussein A, Hazabbah Wan Hitam W. Non arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in Malaysia: a 5 years review. Int J Ophthalmol. 2011;4(3):272-4.
- Saloman O, Huna-Baron R, Kurtz S, Steinberg DM, Moisseier J, Rosenberg N, et al. Analysis of prothrombotic and vascular risk factors in patients with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology. 1996;106(4):739-42. [Crossref]
- Beck WR, Savino PJ, Repka MX, Schatz NJ, Sergott RC. Optik disk structure in anterior ischemic optic neuropaathy. Ophthalmology. 1984;91(11):1334-7. [Crossref]
- Atkins EJ, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Surv Ophthalmol. 2010;55(1):47-63. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hayreh SS, Jonas JB, Zimmerman MB. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and tobacco smoking. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(4):804-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Preechawat P, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients younger than 50 years. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144(6):953-60. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hayreh SS, Joos KM, Podhajsky PA, Long CR. Systemic diseases associated with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118(6):766-80. [Crossref]
- Janáky M, Fülöp Z, Pálffy A, Benedek K, Benedek G. Non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in patients under 50 years of age. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2005;83(4):499-503. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lapeyraque AL, Haddad E, André JL, Brémond-Gignac D, Taylor CM, Rianthavorn P, et al. Sudden blindness caused by anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in 5 children on continuous peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(5):E3-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chutorian AM, Winterkorn JM, Geffner M. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in children: case reports and review of the literature. Pediatr Neurol. 2002;26(5):358-64. [Crossref]
- Taylor D, Ramsay J, Day S, Dillon M. Infarction of the optic nerve head in children with accelerated hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981;65(3):153-60. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Beck RW, Servais GE, Hayreh SS. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. IX. Cup-to-disc ratio and its role in pathogenesis. Ophthalmology. 1987;94(11):1503-8. [Crossref]
- Purvin V, King R, Kawasaki A, Yee R. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in eyes with optic disc drusen. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(1):48-53. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Beri M, Klugman MR, Kohler JA, Hayreh SS. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. VII. Incidence of bilaterality and various influencing factors. Ophthalmology. 1987;94(8):1020-8. [Crossref]
- Lessell S. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: enigma variations. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117(3):386-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Newman NJ, Scherer R, Langenberg P, Kelman S, Feldon S, Kaufman D, et al; Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group. The fellow eye in NAION: report from the ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial follow-up study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134(3):317-28. [Crossref]
- Sawle GV, James CB, Russell RW. The natural history of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53(10):830-3. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hayreh SS. Ischemic optic neuropathy. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2009;28(1):34-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Botelho PJ, Johnson LN, Arnold AC. The effect of aspirin on the visual outcome of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121(4):450-1. [Crossref]
- Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB. Optic disc edema in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007;245(8):1107-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pakravan M, Esfandiari H, Hassanpour K, Razavi S, Pakravan P. The effect of combined systemic erythropoietin and steroid on non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a prospective study. Curr Eye Res. 2017;42(7):1079-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kaderli B, Avci R, Yucel A, Guler K, Gelisken O. Intravitreal triamcinolone improves recovery of visual acuity in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol. 2007;27(3):164-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bennett JL, Thomas S, Olson JL, Mandava N. Treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with intravitreal bevacizumab. J Neuroophthalmol. 2007;27(3):238-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Soheilian M, Koochek A, Yazdani S, Peyman GA. Transvitreal optic neurotomy for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Retina. 2003;23(5):692-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Saxena R, Singh D, Sharma M, James M, Sharma P, Menon V. Steroids versus no steroids in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(10):1623-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chao HM, Chidlow G, Melena J, Wood JP, Osborne NN. An investigation into the potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of clonidine in the retina. Brain Res. 2000;877(1):47-57. [Crossref]
- Vidal-Sanz M, Lafuente MP, Mayor S, de Imperial JM, Villegas-Pérez MP. Retinal ganglion cell death induced by retinal ischemia. Neuroprotective effects of two alpha-2 agonists. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45 Suppl 3:S261-7. [Crossref]
- Wen R, Cheng T, Li Y, Cao W, Steinberg RH. Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists induce basic fibroblast growth factor expression in photoreceptorsin vivo and ameliorate light damage. J Neurosci. 1996;16(19):5986-92. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Fazzone HE, Kupersmith MJ, Leibmann J. Does topical brimonidine tartrate help NAION? Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87(9):1193-4. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Nakajima Y, Inokuchi Y, Nishi M, Shimazawa M, Otsubo K, Hara H. Coenzyme Q10 protects retinal cells against oxidative stress in vitro and invivo. Brain Res. 2008;1226:226-33. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lee D, Shim MS, Kim KY, Noh YH, Kim H, Kim SY, et al. Coenzyme Q10 inhibits glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial alteration in a mouse model of glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(2):993-1005. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Noh YH, Kim KY, Shim MS, Choi SH, Choi S, Ellisman MH, et al. Inhibition of oxidativestress by coenzyme Q10 increases mitochondrial mass and improves bioenergetic function in optic nerve head astrocytes. Cell Death Dis. 2013;4:e820. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
.: İşlem Listesi