Behçet hastalığı (BH); oral ve genital ülserler, oküler, vasküler, kas-iskelet sistemi, nörolojik ve gastrointestinal tutulum ile karakterize bir inflamatuar hastalıktır. Oral ülserin varlığı hastalığın tanısı için temel bir klinik bulgudur. Ayrıca, oral ülserler erken dönemde hastalığın ilk belirtisi olarak da görülebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, oral ülserin varlığı BH'li hastalarda hastalık aktivitesinin ve tedaviye yanıtın değerlendirilmesinde önemli bir faktördür. Etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte, BH'de çevresel faktörlerin ve bazı tetikleyici ajanların, klinik bulguların aktivasyonuna neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. BH'nin etiyopatogenezinde oral floranın etkin rolünün olduğu da gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu hasta grubunda oral ülserler nedeni ile oral hijyen uygulamalarının kısıtlandığı ve oral sağlık düzeyinin kötü olduğu da belirlenmiştir. Kompozit indeks, BH'li hastalarda geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması yapılmış oral ülsere özel olarak geliştirilmiş bir aktivite indeksidir. Bu hasta kaynaklı aktivite indeksi kullanılarak oral ülserlerin ağrı ve fonksiyonel durum üzerine etkisi değerlendirilebilmektedir. Oral ülsere bağlı ağrı '0-100' puan aralığında görsel analog skala kullanımı ile değerlendirilmektedir. Bu indekste fonksiyonel durum değerlendirmesi ise oral ülsere bağlı olarak oluşan tat almada değişim, konuşmada ve yemede/çiğnemede/yutmada güçlüğü içermektedir. Sonuç olarak; oral ülserlerin hasta kaynaklı bir aktivite ölçeği ile değerlendirilmesi bu hasta grubunun izleminde oldukça önemlidir. Böylelikle, bu çalışmada, bu hasta grubunda oral sağlığın, oral hijyenin ve oral sağlıkla ilişkili hasta kaynaklı çıktıların önemi üzerine odaklanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Behçet sendromu; oral ülser; ağız sağlığı
Behçet's disease (BD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by mucocutaneous, ocular, vascular, musculoskeletal, neurological and gastrointestinal involvement. Oral ulcer is a keystone for the diagnosis of the disease. In addition, it could be seen as the initial symptom. Therefore, it is an important factor in the evaluation of the disease activity and treatment response in BD. Although its etiology is unknown, environmental factors and some triggering agents are suggested to cause the activation of clinical manifestations. It has been observed that oral flora has effective roles in the etiopathogenesis of BD. Moreover, oral hygiene applications are limited and oral health is also found to be poor due to oral ulcers in this patient group. Composite index (CI) is a validated oral ulcer activity index in BD. The effects of oral ulcer on pain and functional status are evaluated by using this patient-reported activity index. Oral ulcer pain is evaluated with the use of visual analogue scale between 0-100 points. Unpleasant taste, difficulty in speaking and eating/chewing/swallowing due to oral ulcers are assessed in functional limitation. Finally, the use of patient-reported activity index has an important role for followup periods of patients in BD. Therefore, this review focuses on the importance of oral health, oral hygiene and oral health related patient-reported outcomes in BD.
Keywords: Behçet syndrome; oral ulcer, oral health
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